Minor improvements to dcmotor

PiperOrigin-RevId: 895907301
Change-Id: Ia50a6d06c1ede9894cc71f375db837d104f0211e

doc/APIreference/functions.rst

@@ -4667,6 +4667,8 @@ Set actuator to active adhesion; return error if any.
 
 Set actuator to DC motor; return error if any.
 
+*Nullable:* ``motorconst``, ``nominal``, ``saturation``, ``inductance``, ``cogging``, ``controller``, ``thermal``, ``lugre``
+
 .. _AddAssets:
 
 Assets

doc/XMLreference.rst

@@ -6327,17 +6327,16 @@ This element has a subset of the common attributes and two custom attributes.
 
 :el-prefix:`actuator/` |-| **dcmotor** |*|
 ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
-This element creates a DC motor actuator. Note that :el:`dcmotor` is quite different from the :ref:`general actuation
+This element creates a DC motor actuator. See the `DC motor technical note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for complete
-model<geActuation>`. Unlike the general model where the components of force generation are independent affine functions
+mathematical formulations and parameter semantics, but we include a few important notes below. Note that :el:`dcmotor`
-mapping from control to force, :el:`dcmotor` relies on highly coupled physical dynamics. See the `DC motor technical
+does not conform to the affine gain / bias structure of the :ref:`general actuation model<geActuation>`, except for
-note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for complete mathematical formulations and parameter semantics, but we include a few
+the stateless case.
-important notes here:
 
-- Note that while :ref:`resistance<actuator-dcmotor-resistance>`, :ref:`motorconst<actuator-dcmotor-motorconst>` and
+- :ref:`resistance<actuator-dcmotor-resistance>`, :ref:`motorconst<actuator-dcmotor-motorconst>` and
-  :ref:`nominal<actuator-dcmotor-nominal>` are each optional, some combination of them is required.
+  :ref:`nominal<actuator-dcmotor-nominal>` are each optional, but some combination of them is required.
   See Section 2.1 of the `technical note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__.
-- The control :ref:`input<actuator-dcmotor-input>` semantic is either the voltage applied to the motor terminals, or a
+- The control :ref:`input<actuator-dcmotor-input>` semantic is either the voltage applied to the motor terminals (the
-  position or velocity target for a PID :ref:`controller<actuator-dcmotor-controller>`.
+  default), or a position or velocity target for a :ref:`PID controller<actuator-dcmotor-controller>`.
 - Optional features include electrical dynamics (:ref:`inductance<actuator-dcmotor-inductance>`),
   :ref:`cogging torque<actuator-dcmotor-cogging>`, :ref:`thermal resistance variation<actuator-dcmotor-thermal>`, and
   :ref:`LuGre<actuator-dcmotor-lugre>` friction.
@@ -6408,7 +6407,7 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-resistance:
 
 :at:`resistance`: :at-val:`real, optional`
-   Terminal resistance :math:`R` in Ohm. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   Terminal resistance :math:`R` in Ohm. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.1 and 2.1)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-motorconst:
 
@@ -6416,16 +6415,15 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    Motor constants, defined as :at:`motorconst` = ":at-val:`Kt` :at-val:`Ke`" (N·m/A, equivalently V·s/rad).
    :at-val:`Kt` is the torque constant and :at-val:`Ke` the back-EMF constant; they can differ when magnetic saturation
    is present. If both are positive, the effective constant is :math:`K = \sqrt{K_t K_e}` (geometric mean). If only one
-   is positive, :math:`K` equals that value; a single value is interpreted as :math:`K_t = K_e`. If your datasheet gives
+   is positive, :math:`K` equals that value. If a datasheet specifies the speed constant :math:`K_v` in rad/(V·s), use
-   the speed constant :math:`K_v` in rad/(V·s), use :math:`K_e = 1/K_v`. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for
+   :math:`K_e = 1/K_v`. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.1 and 2.1)
-   details)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-nominal:
 
 :at:`nominal`: :at-val:`real(3), optional`
    Nominal operating point, defined as :at:`nominal` = ":at-val:`voltage` :at-val:`stall_torque`
    :at-val:`no_load_speed`". The compiler derives :math:`K =` :at-val:`voltage` / :at-val:`no_load_speed` and :math:`R =
-   K` · :at-val:`voltage` / :at-val:`stall_torque`. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   K` · :at-val:`voltage` / :at-val:`stall_torque`. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.1 and 2.1)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-inductance:
 
@@ -6434,7 +6432,7 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    alternative specifications: :at-val:`L` is the winding inductance and :at-val:`timeconst` :math:`= L/R` is the
    electrical time constant. Specify one; if both are given, :at-val:`L` takes precedence. If both are 0 (the default),
    no electrical dynamics are modeled and the current is computed algebraically. Adds one activation variable for
-   armature current. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   armature current. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.1.1 and 2.2)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-thermal:
 
@@ -6444,7 +6442,7 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    specify the thermal time constant: :at-val:`timeconst` = :at-val:`resistance` :math:`\times` :at-val:`capacitance`.
    Specify either :at-val:`timeconst` directly, or :at-val:`resistance` and :at-val:`capacitance`; if all three are
    given, :at-val:`timeconst` takes precedence. If all are 0 (the default), thermal modeling is disabled. Adds one
-   activation variable for winding temperature. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   activation variable for winding temperature. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.3 and 2.3)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-saturation:
 
@@ -6455,7 +6453,7 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    given, :at-val:`torque` takes precedence. Sets :at:`forcerange` to [:math:`-\tau_{\max},\, \tau_{\max}`].
    :at-val:`voltage` sets the maximum voltage :math:`V_{\max}`. :at-val:`current_rate` sets the maximum rate of change
    of current :math:`(di/dt)_{\max}` (requires :ref:`inductance<actuator-dcmotor-inductance>`). A value of 0 (the
-   default) for any sub-value disables the respective limit. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   default) for any sub-value disables the respective limit. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Section 2)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-cogging:
 
@@ -6463,7 +6461,7 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    Cogging torque, defined as :at:`cogging` = ":at-val:`amplitude` :at-val:`poles` :at-val:`phase`" (N·m, integer, rad).
    Adds a position-dependent torque :math:`= \textsf{amplitude} \cdot \sin(\textsf{poles} \cdot \theta +
    \textsf{phase})`. Disabled when :at-val:`amplitude` = 0 (the default).
-   (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.2 and 2.1)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-lugre:
 
@@ -6473,28 +6471,28 @@ This element has the following custom attributes in addition to the common attri
    :at-val:`stiffness` = 0 (the default). Adds one activation variable for bristle deflection. Note that the
    :at-val:`viscous` coefficient is mapped directly to the actuator :ref:`damping<actuator-general-damping>` array
    (specifically the linear term, :at-val:`damping[0]`). If both are specified, their values are summed.
-   (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Sections 1.4 and 2.4)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-input:
 
 :at:`input`: :at-val:`[voltage, position, velocity], "voltage"`
    Specifies the input signal semantics. In "voltage" mode, the control directly sets applied motor voltage. In
-   "position" or "velocity" modes, the PID :ref:`controller<actuator-dcmotor-controller>` uses the control as a
+   "position" or "velocity" modes, the :ref:`PID controller<actuator-dcmotor-controller>` uses the control as a
-   reference setpoint relative to the joint trajectory. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   reference setpoint relative to the joint trajectory. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Section 2.5)
 
 .. _actuator-dcmotor-controller:
 
 :at:`controller`: :at-val:`real(5), "0 0 0 0 0"`
    PID controller parameters, defined as :at:`controller` = ":at-val:`kp` :at-val:`ki` :at-val:`kd`
    :at-val:`slewmax` :at-val:`Imax`". Depending on the :at:`input` mode, the controller stabilizes either position or
-   velocity. If the :at:`input` mode is voltage, the controller is ignored. A value of 0 (the default) disables the
+   velocity. If the :at:`input` mode is voltage, this attribute is ignored. A value of 0 (the default) disables the
    respective feature: :at-val:`slewmax` = 0 means no slew-rate limiting, :at-val:`Imax` = 0 means no anti-windup
-   clamping. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__ for details)
+   clamping. (see `tech note <_static/dcmotor.pdf>`__, Section 2.5)
 
 .. _actuator-plugin:
 
 :el-prefix:`actuator/` |-| **plugin** |?|
-^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
+^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
 
 Associate this actuator with an :ref:`engine plugin<exPlugin>`. Either :at:`plugin` or :at:`instance` are required.
 

include/mujoco/mujoco.h

@@ -1727,6 +1727,7 @@ MJAPI const char* mjs_setToMuscle(mjsActuator* actuator, double timeconst[2], do
 MJAPI const char* mjs_setToAdhesion(mjsActuator* actuator, double gain);
 
 // Set actuator to DC motor; return error if any.
+// Nullable: motorconst, nominal, saturation, inductance, cogging, controller, thermal, lugre
 MJAPI const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double resistance,
                                    double nominal[3], double saturation[4], double inductance[2],
                                    double cogging[3], double controller[5], double thermal[6],

python/mujoco/introspect/functions.py

@@ -10805,6 +10805,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(2,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='resistance',
@@ -10816,6 +10817,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(3,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='saturation',
@@ -10823,6 +10825,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(4,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='inductance',
@@ -10830,6 +10833,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(2,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='cogging',
@@ -10837,6 +10841,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(3,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='controller',
@@ -10844,6 +10849,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(5,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='thermal',
@@ -10851,6 +10857,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(6,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='lugre',
@@ -10858,6 +10865,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
                      inner_type=ValueType(name='double'),
                      extents=(6,),
                  ),
+                 nullable=True,
              ),
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='input_mode',

src/user/user_api.cc

@@ -1125,18 +1125,18 @@ const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double
                              double nominal[3], double saturation[4], double inductance[2],
                              double cogging[3], double controller[5], double thermal[6],
                              double lugre[6], int input_mode) {
-  double Kt     = motorconst[0];  // torque constant
+  double R      = resistance;                      // electrical resistance
-  double Ke     = motorconst[1];  // back-EMF constant
+  double Kt     = motorconst ? motorconst[0] : 0;  // torque constant
-  double R      = resistance;     // electrical resistance
+  double Ke     = motorconst ? motorconst[1] : 0;  // back-EMF constant
-  double vn     = nominal[0];     // nominal voltage
+  double vn     = nominal ? nominal[0] : 0;        // nominal voltage
-  double tau0   = nominal[1];     // stall torque
+  double tau0   = nominal ? nominal[1] : 0;        // stall torque
-  double omega0 = nominal[2];     // no-load speed
+  double omega0 = nominal ? nominal[2] : 0;        // no-load speed
 
   // derive Ke from nominal: omega0 = vn*Ke / (Ke^2 + R*B)
   if (vn > 0 && Ke <= 0 && omega0 > 0) {
     // viscous damping (linear), add lugre sigma2 contribution if any
     double B = actuator->damping[0];
-    if (lugre[0] > 0) B += lugre[2];
+    if (lugre && lugre[0] > 0) B += lugre[2];
 
     if (B > 0 && R > 0) {
       // R known: solve quadratic Ke^2*omega0 - Ke*vn + R*B*omega0 = 0
@@ -1176,24 +1176,24 @@ const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double
   actuator->gainprm[1] = K;
 
   // controller parameters: gainprm[4:6] for kp, ki, kd
-  actuator->gainprm[4] = controller[0];  // kp
+  actuator->gainprm[4] = controller ? controller[0] : 0;  // kp
-  actuator->gainprm[5] = controller[1];  // ki
+  actuator->gainprm[5] = controller ? controller[1] : 0;  // ki
-  actuator->gainprm[6] = controller[2];  // kd
+  actuator->gainprm[6] = controller ? controller[2] : 0;  // kd
 
   // controller parameters: dynprm[7,8] for slewmax, Imax
-  actuator->dynprm[7] = controller[3];  // slewmax
+  actuator->dynprm[7] = controller ? controller[3] : 0;  // slewmax
-  actuator->dynprm[8] = controller[4];  // Imax
+  actuator->dynprm[8] = controller ? controller[4] : 0;  // Imax
 
   // saturation: [tau_max, i_max, (di/dt)_max, v_max]
-  if (saturation[2] > 0) {
+  if (saturation && saturation[2] > 0) {
     actuator->dynprm[1] = saturation[2];  // (di/dt)_max
   }
-  if (saturation[3] > 0) {
+  if (saturation && saturation[3] > 0) {
     actuator->gainprm[7] = saturation[3];  // v_max
   }
 
   // saturation -> forcerange
-  if (saturation[0] > 0 || saturation[1] > 0) {
+  if (saturation && (saturation[0] > 0 || saturation[1] > 0)) {
     double tau_max = saturation[0];
     if (tau_max == 0 && saturation[1] > 0) {
       tau_max = K * saturation[1];  // tau_max = K * i_max
@@ -1204,34 +1204,34 @@ const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double
   }
 
   // cogging: [amplitude, periodicity, phase] -> biasprm[0:3]
-  actuator->biasprm[0] = cogging[0];  // amplitude
+  actuator->biasprm[0] = cogging ? cogging[0] : 0;  // amplitude
-  actuator->biasprm[1] = cogging[1];  // periodicity
+  actuator->biasprm[1] = cogging ? cogging[1] : 0;  // periodicity
-  actuator->biasprm[2] = cogging[2];  // phase
+  actuator->biasprm[2] = cogging ? cogging[2] : 0;  // phase
 
   // count activation variables: slot order is slew, integral, temperature, bristle, current
   int actdim = 0;
 
   // inductance: [L, te]
-  if (inductance[0] < 0) return "DC motor: inductance must be non-negative";
+  if (inductance && inductance[0] < 0) return "DC motor: inductance must be non-negative";
-  if (inductance[1] < 0) return "DC motor: electrical time constant must be non-negative";
+  if (inductance && inductance[1] < 0) return "DC motor: electrical time constant must be non-negative";
-  double te = inductance[0] > 0 ? inductance[0] / R : inductance[1];
+  double te = (inductance && inductance[0] > 0) ? inductance[0] / R : (inductance ? inductance[1] : 0);
   actuator->dynprm[0] = te;
   if (te > 0) {
     actdim++;
   }
 
   // controller states: slew rate limiting
-  if (controller[3] > 0) {  // slewmax
+  if (controller && controller[3] > 0) {  // slewmax
     actdim++;
   }
 
   // controller states: integral
-  if (controller[1] > 0) {  // ki
+  if (controller && controller[1] > 0) {  // ki
     actdim++;
   }
 
   // thermal -> temperature activation
-  if (thermal[0] > 0 || thermal[1] > 0 || thermal[2] > 0) {
+  if (thermal && (thermal[0] > 0 || thermal[1] > 0 || thermal[2] > 0)) {
     double RT    = thermal[0];   // thermal resistance
     double C     = thermal[1];   // thermal capacitance
     double tth   = thermal[2];   // thermal time constant
@@ -1259,7 +1259,7 @@ const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double
   }
 
   // lugre: {stiffness, damping, viscous, coulomb, static, stribeck}
-  if (lugre[0] > 0) {
+  if (lugre && lugre[0] > 0) {
     actuator->dynprm[5] = lugre[0];    // stiffness -> sigma0
     actuator->dynprm[6] = lugre[1];    // damping   -> sigma1
     actuator->damping[0] += lugre[2];  // viscous   -> sigma2

src/user/user_api.h

@@ -192,6 +192,13 @@ MJAPI const char* mjs_setToMuscle(mjsActuator* actuator, double timeconst[2], do
 // Set actuator to adhesion, return error on failure.
 MJAPI const char* mjs_setToAdhesion(mjsActuator* actuator, double gain);
 
+// Set actuator to DC motor, return error on failure.
+MJAPI const char* mjs_setToDCMotor(mjsActuator* actuator, double motorconst[2], double resistance,
+                                   double nominal[3], double saturation[4], double inductance[2],
+                                   double cogging[3], double controller[5], double thermal[6],
+                                   double lugre[6], int input_mode);
+
+
 //---------------------------------- Add assets ----------------------------------------------------
 
 // Add mesh.

test/user/user_api_test.cc

@@ -239,6 +239,47 @@ TEST_F(MujocoTest, DeletePlugin) {
   mj_deleteModel(newmodel);
 }
 
+TEST_F(MujocoTest, SetToDCMotorNullable) {
+  mjSpec* spec = mj_makeSpec();
+  mjsActuator* actuator = mjs_addActuator(spec, 0);
+
+  double motorconst[2] = {0.05, 0.05};
+  double resistance = 2.0;
+
+  const char* err = mjs_setToDCMotor(actuator, motorconst, resistance,
+                                     nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                     nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                     nullptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(err, "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[0], 2.0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[1], 0.05);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[4], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[5], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[6], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->dynprm[7], 0);
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->dynprm[8], 0);
+
+  mj_deleteSpec(spec);
+}
+
+TEST_F(MujocoTest, SetToDCMotorDeriveKe) {
+  mjSpec* spec = mj_makeSpec();
+  mjsActuator* actuator = mjs_addActuator(spec, 0);
+
+  double resistance = 2.0;
+  double nominal[3] = {12.0, 0, 100.0};  // vn=12, omega0=100
+
+  const char* err = mjs_setToDCMotor(actuator, nullptr, resistance,
+                                     nominal, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                     nullptr, nullptr, nullptr,
+                                     nullptr, 0);
+  EXPECT_STREQ(err, "");
+  EXPECT_EQ(actuator->gainprm[0], 2.0);
+  EXPECT_NEAR(actuator->gainprm[1], 0.12, 1e-5);
+
+  mj_deleteSpec(spec);
+}
+
 static constexpr char xml_plugin_1[] = R"(
   <mujoco model="MuJoCo Model">
     <worldbody>

wasm/codegen/generated/bindings.cc

@@ -9877,14 +9877,14 @@ std::string mjs_setToCylinder_wrapper(MjsActuator& actuator, double timeconst, d
 }
 
 std::string mjs_setToDCMotor_wrapper(MjsActuator& actuator, const val& motorconst, double resistance, const val& nominal, const val& saturation, const val& inductance, const val& cogging, const val& controller, const val& thermal, const val& lugre, int input_mode) {
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, motorconst);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, motorconst);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, nominal);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, nominal);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, saturation);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, saturation);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, inductance);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, inductance);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, cogging);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, cogging);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, controller);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, controller);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, thermal);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, thermal);
-  UNPACK_VALUE(double, lugre);
+  UNPACK_NULLABLE_VALUE(double, lugre);
   return std::string(mjs_setToDCMotor(actuator.get(), motorconst_.data(), resistance, nominal_.data(), saturation_.data(), inductance_.data(), cogging_.data(), controller_.data(), thermal_.data(), lugre_.data(), input_mode));
 }