diff --git a/python/mujoco/CMakeLists.txt b/python/mujoco/CMakeLists.txt
index e6c067f7..03e45b95 100644
--- a/python/mujoco/CMakeLists.txt
+++ b/python/mujoco/CMakeLists.txt
@@ -417,6 +417,8 @@ endif()
 mujoco_pybind11_module(
   _specs
   specs.cc
+  specs_wrapper.h
+  specs_wrapper.cc
   specs.cc.inc
 )
 target_link_libraries(
diff --git a/python/mujoco/specs.cc b/python/mujoco/specs.cc
index a87fcf4e..ec444f52 100644
--- a/python/mujoco/specs.cc
+++ b/python/mujoco/specs.cc
@@ -30,6 +30,7 @@
 #include <mujoco/mujoco.h>
 #include "errors.h"
 #include "indexers.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "specs_wrapper.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include "raw.h"
 #include "structs.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
 #include <pybind11/cast.h>
@@ -70,100 +71,6 @@ using MjDoubleRef10 = Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix<double, 10, 1>>;
 using MjDoubleRef11 = Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::Matrix<double, 11, 1>>;
 using MjDoubleRefVec = Eigen::Ref<const Eigen::VectorXd>;
 
-struct MjSpec {
-  MjSpec() : ptr(mj_makeSpec()) {}
-  MjSpec(raw::MjSpec* ptr, const py::dict& assets_ = {}) : ptr(ptr) {
-    for (const auto [key, value] : assets_) {
-      assets[key] = value;
-    }
-  }
-
-  // copy constructor and assignment
-  MjSpec(const MjSpec& other) : ptr(mj_copySpec(other.ptr)) {
-    override_assets = other.override_assets;
-    for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
-      assets[key] = value;
-    }
-    parent = other.parent;
-  }
-  MjSpec& operator=(const MjSpec& other) {
-    override_assets = other.override_assets;
-    ptr = mj_copySpec(other.ptr);
-    for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
-      assets[key] = value;
-    }
-    parent = other.parent;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  // move constructor and move assignment
-  MjSpec(MjSpec&& other) : ptr(other.ptr) {
-    override_assets = other.override_assets;
-    other.ptr = nullptr;
-    for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
-      assets[key] = value;
-    }
-    other.assets.clear();
-    parent = other.parent;
-    other.parent = nullptr;
-  }
-  MjSpec& operator=(MjSpec&& other) {
-    override_assets = other.override_assets;
-    ptr = other.ptr;
-    other.ptr = nullptr;
-    for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
-      assets[key] = value;
-    }
-    other.assets.clear();
-    parent = other.parent;
-    other.parent = nullptr;
-    return *this;
-  }
-
-  ~MjSpec() {
-    mj_deleteSpec(ptr);
-  }
-
-  raw::MjModel* Compile() {
-    if (assets.empty()) {
-      auto m = mj_compile(ptr, 0);
-      if (!m || mjs_isWarning(ptr)) {
-        throw py::value_error(mjs_getError(ptr));
-      }
-      return m;
-    }
-    mjVFS vfs;
-    mj_defaultVFS(&vfs);
-    for (const auto& asset : assets) {
-      std::string buffer_name =
-          _impl::StripPath(py::cast<std::string>(asset.first).c_str());
-      std::string buffer = py::cast<std::string>(asset.second);
-      const int vfs_error = InterceptMjErrors(mj_addBufferVFS)(
-          &vfs, buffer_name.c_str(), buffer.c_str(), buffer.size());
-      if (vfs_error) {
-        mj_deleteVFS(&vfs);
-        if (vfs_error == 2) {
-          throw py::value_error("Repeated file name in assets dict: " +
-                                buffer_name);
-        } else {
-          throw py::value_error("Asset failed to load: " + buffer_name);
-        }
-      }
-    }
-    auto m = mj_compile(ptr, &vfs);
-    if (!m || mjs_isWarning(ptr)) {
-      throw py::value_error(mjs_getError(ptr));
-    }
-    mj_deleteVFS(&vfs);
-    return m;
-  }
-
-  raw::MjSpec* ptr;
-  py::dict assets;
-  bool override_assets = true;
-  MjSpec* parent = nullptr;
-};
-
 template <typename LoadFunc>
 static raw::MjSpec* LoadSpecFileImpl(
     const std::string& filename,
diff --git a/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.cc b/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.cc
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..18ffd3b5
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.cc
@@ -0,0 +1,124 @@
+// Copyright 2024 DeepMind Technologies Limited
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "specs_wrapper.h"
+
+#include <cstddef>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <string>
+#include <string_view>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <vector>       // IWYU pragma: keep
+
+#include <mujoco/mjspec.h>  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <mujoco/mujoco.h>
+#include "errors.h"
+#include "indexers.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include "raw.h"
+#include "structs.h"  // IWYU pragma: keep
+#include <pybind11/cast.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+
+namespace py = ::pybind11;
+
+namespace mujoco::python {
+
+MjSpec::MjSpec() : ptr(mj_makeSpec()) {}
+MjSpec::MjSpec(raw::MjSpec* ptr, const py::dict& assets_) : ptr(ptr) {
+  for (const auto [key, value] : assets_) {
+    assets[key] = value;
+  }
+}
+
+// copy constructor and assignment
+MjSpec::MjSpec(const MjSpec& other) : ptr(mj_copySpec(other.ptr)) {
+  override_assets = other.override_assets;
+  for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
+    assets[key] = value;
+  }
+  parent = other.parent;
+}
+
+MjSpec& MjSpec::operator=(const MjSpec& other) {
+  override_assets = other.override_assets;
+  ptr = mj_copySpec(other.ptr);
+  for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
+    assets[key] = value;
+  }
+  parent = other.parent;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+// move constructor and move assignment
+MjSpec::MjSpec(MjSpec&& other) : ptr(other.ptr) {
+  override_assets = other.override_assets;
+  other.ptr = nullptr;
+  for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
+    assets[key] = value;
+  }
+  other.assets.clear();
+  parent = other.parent;
+  other.parent = nullptr;
+}
+
+MjSpec& MjSpec::operator=(MjSpec&& other) {
+  override_assets = other.override_assets;
+  ptr = other.ptr;
+  other.ptr = nullptr;
+  for (const auto [key, value] : other.assets) {
+    assets[key] = value;
+  }
+  other.assets.clear();
+  parent = other.parent;
+  other.parent = nullptr;
+  return *this;
+}
+
+MjSpec::~MjSpec() { mj_deleteSpec(ptr); }
+
+raw::MjModel* MjSpec::Compile() {
+  if (assets.empty()) {
+    auto m = mj_compile(ptr, 0);
+    if (!m || mjs_isWarning(ptr)) {
+      throw py::value_error(mjs_getError(ptr));
+    }
+    return m;
+  }
+  mjVFS vfs;
+  mj_defaultVFS(&vfs);
+  for (const auto& asset : assets) {
+    std::string buffer_name =
+        _impl::StripPath(py::cast<std::string>(asset.first).c_str());
+    std::string buffer = py::cast<std::string>(asset.second);
+    const int vfs_error = InterceptMjErrors(mj_addBufferVFS)(
+        &vfs, buffer_name.c_str(), buffer.c_str(), buffer.size());
+    if (vfs_error) {
+      mj_deleteVFS(&vfs);
+      if (vfs_error == 2) {
+        throw py::value_error("Repeated file name in assets dict: " +
+                              buffer_name);
+      } else {
+        throw py::value_error("Asset failed to load: " + buffer_name);
+      }
+    }
+  }
+  auto m = mj_compile(ptr, &vfs);
+  if (!m || mjs_isWarning(ptr)) {
+    throw py::value_error(mjs_getError(ptr));
+  }
+  mj_deleteVFS(&vfs);
+  return m;
+}
+
+}  // namespace mujoco::python
diff --git a/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.h b/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.h
new file mode 100644
index 00000000..2ebaac60
--- /dev/null
+++ b/python/mujoco/specs_wrapper.h
@@ -0,0 +1,45 @@
+// Copyright 2024 DeepMind Technologies Limited
+//
+// Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
+// you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
+// You may obtain a copy of the License at
+//
+//     http://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
+//
+// Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
+// distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
+// WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
+// See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
+// limitations under the License.
+
+#include "raw.h"
+#include <pybind11/cast.h>
+#include <pybind11/pybind11.h>
+#include <pybind11/pytypes.h>
+#include <pybind11/stl.h>
+
+namespace py = ::pybind11;
+
+namespace mujoco::python {
+
+struct MjSpec {
+  MjSpec();
+  MjSpec(raw::MjSpec* ptr, const py::dict& assets_ = {});
+
+  // copy constructor and assignment
+  MjSpec(const MjSpec& other);
+  MjSpec& operator=(const MjSpec& other);
+
+  // move constructor and move assignment
+  MjSpec(MjSpec&& other);
+  MjSpec& operator=(MjSpec&& other);
+  ~MjSpec();
+
+  raw::MjModel* Compile();
+
+  raw::MjSpec* ptr;
+  py::dict assets;
+  bool override_assets = true;
+  MjSpec* parent = nullptr;
+};
+}  // namespace mujoco::python