diff --git a/src/user/user_api.cc b/src/user/user_api.cc
index 1a03b274..7ff36d73 100644
--- a/src/user/user_api.cc
+++ b/src/user/user_api.cc
@@ -96,12 +96,12 @@ void mj_recompile(mjSpec* s, const mjVFS* vfs, mjModel* m, mjData* d) {
   mjtNum time = 0;
   if (d) {
     time = d->time;
-    modelC->SaveState(d->qpos, d->qvel, d->act);
+    modelC->SaveState(d->qpos, d->qvel, d->act, d->ctrl);
   }
   modelC->Compile(vfs, &m);
   if (d) {
     modelC->MakeData(m, &d);
-    modelC->RestoreState(m->qpos0, d->qpos, d->qvel, d->act);
+    modelC->RestoreState(m->qpos0, d->qpos, d->qvel, d->act, d->ctrl);
     d->time = time;
   }
 }
diff --git a/src/user/user_model.cc b/src/user/user_model.cc
index 5ea2124c..b96189be 100644
--- a/src/user/user_model.cc
+++ b/src/user/user_model.cc
@@ -2863,7 +2863,7 @@ void mjCModel::CopyObjects(mjModel* m) {
 
 // save the current state
 template <class T>
-void mjCModel::SaveState(const T* qpos, const T* qvel, const T* act) {
+void mjCModel::SaveState(const T* qpos, const T* qvel, const T* act, const T* ctrl) {
   for (auto joint : joints_) {
     if (joint->qposadr_ == -1 || joint->dofadr_ == -1) {
       throw mjCError(NULL, "SaveState: joint %s has no address", joint->name.c_str());
@@ -2872,11 +2872,15 @@ void mjCModel::SaveState(const T* qpos, const T* qvel, const T* act) {
     if (qvel) mjuu_copyvec(joint->qvel(), qvel + joint->dofadr_, joint->nv());
   }
 
-  for (auto actuator : actuators_) {
+  for (unsigned int i=0; i<actuators_.size(); i++) {
+    auto actuator = actuators_[i];
     if (actuator->actadr_ != -1 && actuator->actdim_ != -1 && act) {
       actuator->act().assign(actuator->actdim_, 0);
       mjuu_copyvec(actuator->act().data(), act + actuator->actadr_, actuator->actdim_);
     }
+    if (ctrl) {
+      actuator->ctrl() = ctrl[i];
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -2896,7 +2900,7 @@ void mjCModel::MakeData(const mjModel* m, mjData** dest) {
 
 // restore the previous state
 template <class T>
-void mjCModel::RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act) {
+void mjCModel::RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act, T* ctrl) {
   for (auto joint : joints_) {
     if (qpos) {
       if (mjuu_defined(joint->qpos()[0])) {
@@ -2911,10 +2915,14 @@ void mjCModel::RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act) {
   }
 
   // restore act
-  for (auto actuator : actuators_) {
+  for (unsigned int i=0; i<actuators_.size(); i++) {
+    auto actuator = actuators_[i];
     if (!actuator->act().empty() && mjuu_defined(actuator->act()[0]) && act) {
       mjuu_copyvec(act + actuator->actadr_, actuator->act().data(), actuator->actdim_);
     }
+    if (ctrl) {
+      ctrl[i] = mjuu_defined(actuator->ctrl()) ? actuator->ctrl() : 0;
+    }
   }
 }
 
@@ -2923,10 +2931,11 @@ void mjCModel::RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act) {
 // force explicit instantiations
 template void mjCModel::SaveState<mjtNum>(const mjtNum* qpos,
                                           const mjtNum* qvel,
-                                          const mjtNum* act);
+                                          const mjtNum* act,
+                                          const mjtNum* ctrl);
 
 template void mjCModel::RestoreState<mjtNum>(const mjtNum* qpos0, mjtNum* qpos,
-                                             mjtNum* qvel, mjtNum* act);
+                                             mjtNum* qvel, mjtNum* act, mjtNum* ctrl);
 
 
 
@@ -2946,9 +2955,11 @@ void mjCModel::StoreKeyframes() {
     info.qpos = !key->spec_qpos_.empty();
     info.qvel = !key->spec_qvel_.empty();
     info.act = !key->spec_act_.empty();
+    info.ctrl = !key->spec_ctrl_.empty();
     key_pending_.push_back(info);
     state_name_ = info.name;
-    SaveState(key->spec_qpos_.data(), key->spec_qvel_.data(), key->spec_act_.data());
+    SaveState(key->spec_qpos_.data(), key->spec_qvel_.data(),
+              key->spec_act_.data(), key->spec_ctrl_.data());
   }
 
   if (resetlists) {
@@ -3506,6 +3517,9 @@ void mjCModel::ResolveKeyframes(const mjModel* m) {
     if (!key->spec_act_.empty()) {
       key->spec_act_.resize(na);
     }
+    if (!key->spec_ctrl_.empty()) {
+      key->spec_ctrl_.resize(nu);
+    }
   }
 
   // store dof offsets in joints and actuators
@@ -3518,8 +3532,10 @@ void mjCModel::ResolveKeyframes(const mjModel* m) {
     if (info.qpos) key->spec_qpos_.assign(nq, 0);
     if (info.qvel) key->spec_qvel_.assign(nv, 0);
     if (info.act) key->spec_act_.assign(na, 0);
+    if (info.ctrl) key->spec_ctrl_.assign(nu, 0);
     state_name_ = info.name;
-    RestoreState(m->qpos0, key->spec_qpos_.data(), key->spec_qvel_.data(), key->spec_act_.data());
+    RestoreState(m->qpos0, key->spec_qpos_.data(), key->spec_qvel_.data(),
+                           key->spec_act_.data(), key->spec_ctrl_.data());
   }
 
   // the attached keyframes have been copied into the model
diff --git a/src/user/user_model.h b/src/user/user_model.h
index 674ab72a..8b004b79 100644
--- a/src/user/user_model.h
+++ b/src/user/user_model.h
@@ -39,6 +39,7 @@ typedef struct mjKeyInfo_ {
   bool qpos;
   bool qvel;
   bool act;
+  bool ctrl;
 } mjKeyInfo;
 
 class mjCModel_ : public mjsElement {
@@ -283,8 +284,8 @@ class mjCModel : public mjCModel_, private mjSpec {
                                          std::string_view name = "");
 
   // save/restore the current state
-  template <class T> void SaveState(const T* qpos, const T* qvel, const T* act);
-  template <class T> void RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act);
+  template <class T> void SaveState(const T* qpos, const T* qvel, const T* act, const T* ctrl);
+  template <class T> void RestoreState(const mjtNum* pos0, T* qpos, T* qvel, T* act, T* ctrl);
 
   // clear existing data
   void MakeData(const mjModel* m, mjData** dest);
diff --git a/src/user/user_objects.cc b/src/user/user_objects.cc
index 0afb39e7..12f55c1f 100644
--- a/src/user/user_objects.cc
+++ b/src/user/user_objects.cc
@@ -5394,6 +5394,7 @@ mjCActuator& mjCActuator::operator=(const mjCActuator& other) {
 
 void mjCActuator::ForgetKeyframes() {
   act_.clear();
+  ctrl_.clear();
 }
 
 
@@ -5413,6 +5414,15 @@ std::vector<mjtNum>& mjCActuator::act() {
 
 
 
+mjtNum& mjCActuator::ctrl() {
+  if (ctrl_.find(model->state_name_) == ctrl_.end()) {
+    ctrl_[model->state_name_] = mjNAN;
+  }
+  return ctrl_.at(model->state_name_);
+}
+
+
+
 void mjCActuator::PointToLocal() {
   spec.element = static_cast<mjsElement*>(this);
   spec.name = &name;
diff --git a/src/user/user_objects.h b/src/user/user_objects.h
index bd39c7ef..62401489 100644
--- a/src/user/user_objects.h
+++ b/src/user/user_objects.h
@@ -1397,6 +1397,7 @@ class mjCActuator_ : public mjCBase {
   int actadr_;                                      // address of dof in data->act
   int actdim_;                                      // number of dofs in data->act
   std::map<std::string, std::vector<mjtNum>> act_;  // act at the previous step
+  std::map<std::string, mjtNum> ctrl_;              // ctrl at the previous step
 
   // variable-size data
   std::string plugin_name;
@@ -1436,6 +1437,7 @@ class mjCActuator : public mjCActuator_, private mjsActuator {
   bool is_actlimited() const;
 
   std::vector<mjtNum>& act();
+  mjtNum& ctrl();
 
  private:
   void Compile(void);                       // compiler
diff --git a/test/user/user_api_test.cc b/test/user/user_api_test.cc
index 75280243..9024be04 100644
--- a/test/user/user_api_test.cc
+++ b/test/user/user_api_test.cc
@@ -430,8 +430,8 @@ static constexpr char xml_child[] = R"(
     </contact>
 
     <keyframe>
-      <key name="two" qpos="2" act="2 2"/>
-      <key name="three" qpos="3" act="3 3"/>
+      <key name="two" qpos="2" act="2 2" ctrl="2 2"/>
+      <key name="three" qpos="3" act="3 3" ctrl="3 3"/>
     </keyframe>
   </mujoco>)";
 
@@ -501,10 +501,10 @@ TEST_F(MujocoTest, AttachSame) {
     </contact>
 
     <keyframe>
-      <key name="two" qpos="2 0" act="2 2 0 0"/>
-      <key name="three" qpos="3 0" act="3 3 0 0"/>
-      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 2" act="0 0 2 2"/>
-      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 3" act="0 0 3 3"/>
+      <key name="two" qpos="2 0" act="2 2 0 0" ctrl="2 2 0 0"/>
+      <key name="three" qpos="3 0" act="3 3 0 0" ctrl="3 3 0 0"/>
+      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 2" act="0 0 2 2" ctrl="0 0 2 2"/>
+      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 3" act="0 0 3 3" ctrl="0 0 3 3"/>
     </keyframe>
   </mujoco>)";
 
@@ -621,8 +621,8 @@ TEST_F(MujocoTest, AttachDifferent) {
     </contact>
 
     <keyframe>
-      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2" act="2 2"/>
-      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3" act="3 3"/>
+      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2" act="2 2" ctrl="2 2"/>
+      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3" act="3 3" ctrl="3 3"/>
     </keyframe>
   </mujoco>)";
 
@@ -743,8 +743,8 @@ TEST_F(MujocoTest, AttachFrame) {
     </contact>
 
     <keyframe>
-      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2" act="2 2"/>
-      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3" act="3 3"/>
+      <key name="attached-two-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 2" act="2 2" ctrl="2 2"/>
+      <key name="attached-three-1" qpos="0 0 0 1 0 0 0 3" act="3 3" ctrl="3 3"/>
     </keyframe>
   </mujoco>)";