diff --git a/backend/engine/cdsl_engine/build123d_adapter.py b/backend/engine/cdsl_engine/build123d_adapter.py
index cae10b5f..4d042a49 100644
--- a/backend/engine/cdsl_engine/build123d_adapter.py
+++ b/backend/engine/cdsl_engine/build123d_adapter.py
@@ -5,7 +5,7 @@ from __future__ import annotations
 import math
 from typing import Any, Iterable
 
-from build123d import Axis, Compound, Edge, Face, Plane, ShapeList, Solid, Vector, Wire, export_step
+from build123d import Axis, Compound, Edge, Face, Helix, Location, Plane, ShapeList, Solid, Vector, Wire, export_step
 
 from .runtime_types import AxisSpec, HoleSpec, PlaneSpec, TopologyRecord, Vector3, canonical_plane_signature
 
@@ -146,6 +146,25 @@ class Build123dGeometryAdapter:
         plane = PlaneSpec.from_mapping(sketch.get("workplane") or {})
         return self._faces_from_circles(sketch.get("entities") or [], plane)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def _coerce_single_or_compound(result: Any, *, empty_error: str | None = None) -> Any:
+        """规整一次布尔结果：None/空视为失败（可选报错），多成员合并为 Compound。"""
+        # build123d 的布尔方法有时返回 None（无结果）、ShapeList（多/单成员）
+        # 或直接返回 Solid/Compound，这里统一为单实体或 Compound。
+        if result is None:
+            if empty_error is not None:
+                raise ValueError(empty_error)
+            return None
+        members = list(result) if isinstance(result, ShapeList) else [result]
+        if not members:
+            if empty_error is not None:
+                raise ValueError(empty_error)
+            return None
+        if len(members) == 1:
+            return members[0]
+        # build123d 类型桩未声明 make_compound，但运行时存在（宽泛类型桩噪音）。
+        return Compound.make_compound(members)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
+
     @staticmethod
     def extrude(face: Face, direction: Vector3) -> Solid:
         # 沿给定方向向量拉伸一个面，生成实体。
@@ -180,13 +199,9 @@ class Build123dGeometryAdapter:
         pierced = Solid.extrude(face, unit * margin)
         slab = Solid.extrude(target, -unit * margin)
         trimmed = pierced.intersect(slab)
-        if isinstance(trimmed, ShapeList):
-            members = list(trimmed)
-            # build123d 类型桩未声明 make_compound，但运行时存在（宽泛类型桩噪音）。
-            trimmed = members[0] if len(members) == 1 else Compound.make_compound(members)  # pyright: ignore[reportAttributeAccessIssue]
-        if trimmed is None or (hasattr(trimmed, "is_empty") and trimmed.is_empty()):
-            raise ValueError("extent target produced an empty trimmed solid")
-        return trimmed
+        return Build123dGeometryAdapter._coerce_single_or_compound(
+            trimmed, empty_error="extent target produced an empty trimmed solid",
+        )
 
     @staticmethod
     def body_center(body: Any) -> Vector3:
@@ -288,6 +303,32 @@ class Build123dGeometryAdapter:
         # 以给定球心与半径生成球体实体。
         return Solid.make_sphere(radius_mm, Plane(origin=_vector(center_mm)))
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def box(length_mm: float, width_mm: float, height_mm: float, plane: PlaneSpec | None = None) -> Solid:
+        # 原生立方体图元。plane 缺省为世界 XY；plane 的原点是长方体最小角点，
+        # 长/宽/高分别沿 plane 的 x/y/z 方向生长（build123d Solid.make_box 原生语义）。
+        build_plane = Build123dGeometryAdapter.plane(plane) if plane is not None else Plane.XY
+        return Solid.make_box(length_mm, width_mm, height_mm, build_plane)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def cylinder(radius_mm: float, height_mm: float, axis: AxisSpec | None = None) -> Solid:
+        # 原生圆柱图元。axis 缺省为世界 +Z；axis 的原点是底面圆心，
+        # 轴向由 axis 的方向决定，沿该方向生长高度。
+        build_plane = (
+            Plane(origin=_vector(axis.origin_mm), z_dir=_vector(axis.direction))
+            if axis is not None
+            else Plane.XY
+        )
+        return Solid.make_cylinder(radius_mm, height_mm, build_plane)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def intersect(left: Any, right: Any) -> Any:
+        # 布尔交：取两实体公共部分。结果可能为空（不相交或仅边界接触），
+        # 此时规整 helper 会抛出明确的空交集错误。
+        return Build123dGeometryAdapter._coerce_single_or_compound(
+            left.intersect(right), empty_error="boolean intersection produced no solid",
+        )
+
     def hole_tool(self, spec: HoleSpec, starts: Iterable[Vector3], inward: Vector3, through_depth_mm: float) -> Solid:
         """Build a neutral ``HoleSpec`` into one OCC cutting tool."""
         # 将孔规格 HoleSpec 转成一个可直接切除的 OCC 工具体。
@@ -375,6 +416,73 @@ class Build123dGeometryAdapter:
         # 对指定边做倒角；distance_2_mm 提供时形成非对称倒角。
         return body.chamfer(distance_mm, distance_2_mm, list(edges), face=face)
 
+    @staticmethod
+    def sweep(section: Face, spine: Edge | Wire) -> Solid:
+        # 沿路径线扫掠截面生成实体（build123d 原生扫掠，路径可为直线/曲线/螺旋边）。
+        return Solid.sweep(section, spine)
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def sweep_path(points: Iterable[Vector3]) -> Wire:
+        # 把三维点列连成折线 Wire，作为扫掠路径的通用构造入口。
+        vertices = [_vector(point) for point in points]
+        if len(vertices) < 2:
+            raise ValueError("sweep path needs at least two points")
+        return Wire([Edge.make_line(vertices[index], vertices[index + 1]) for index in range(len(vertices) - 1)])
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def helix_path(radius_mm: float, pitch_mm: float, turns: float, *, lefthand: bool = False) -> Edge:
+        # 构造螺旋线路径（单段 Edge），供扫掠/后续螺纹、斜齿等特征使用。
+        # 螺旋从 (radius, 0, 0) 处沿 +Z 方向上升（lefthand=True 时反向缠绕）。
+        if pitch_mm <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("helix pitch must be positive")
+        if turns <= 0:
+            raise ValueError("helix turns must be positive")
+        helix = Helix(pitch=pitch_mm, height=turns * pitch_mm, radius=radius_mm, lefthand=lefthand)
+        return helix.edges()[0]
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def pattern_linear(body: Any, count: int, direction: Vector3, spacing_mm: float) -> Any:
+        # 内核直接阵列：把 body 沿 direction 方向以 spacing 间距复制 count 份并合并。
+        # 与 runtime 的“源特征重放”pattern 不同：这里直接复制实体几何本身。
+        if count < 1:
+            raise ValueError("pattern count must be at least 1")
+        if count == 1 or spacing_mm == 0:
+            return body
+        vector = _vector(direction)
+        if vector.length <= 1e-12:
+            raise ValueError("pattern direction must be non-zero")
+        unit = vector.normalized()
+        result = body
+        for index in range(1, count):
+            offset = unit * (index * spacing_mm)
+            result = result.fuse(body.moved(Location((offset.X, offset.Y, offset.Z))))
+        return result
+
+    @staticmethod
+    def pattern_circular(body: Any, count: int, axis: AxisSpec, sweep_angle_deg: float) -> Any:
+        # 内核直接阵列：把 body 绕 axis（过 axis.origin_mm、沿 axis.direction）
+        # 旋转 sweep_angle_deg 均布 count 份并合并。
+        if count < 1:
+            raise ValueError("pattern count must be at least 1")
+        if count == 1 or sweep_angle_deg == 0:
+            return body
+        origin = _vector(axis.origin_mm)
+        direction = _vector(axis.direction)
+        if direction.length <= 1e-12:
+            raise ValueError("pattern rotation axis must be non-zero")
+        unit = direction.normalized()
+        step_angle = sweep_angle_deg / count
+        # 注意：Location(pos, axis_vec, angle) 的语义是“绕世界原点旋转 + 平移 pos”，
+        # 因此绕任意轴点旋转需要分解为 T(-O) → R(绕原点) → T(+O) 三步合成。
+        to_origin = Location((-float(origin.X), -float(origin.Y), -float(origin.Z)))
+        back = Location((float(origin.X), float(origin.Y), float(origin.Z)))
+        result = body
+        for index in range(1, count):
+            rotation = Location((0.0, 0.0, 0.0), (float(unit.X), float(unit.Y), float(unit.Z)), index * step_angle)
+            instance = body.moved(to_origin).moved(rotation).moved(back)
+            result = result.fuse(instance)
+        return result
+
     @staticmethod
     def mirror(body: Any, plane: PlaneSpec) -> Any:
         # 沿给定平面镜像主体。