Change mj_encode return type to 64-bit (mjtSize)

This supports encoding files larger than 2GB.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 939828697
Change-Id: If60d36c61475ced20b4eb58408ffb37e25bf3db7

doc/APIreference/APItypes.rst

@@ -2053,8 +2053,8 @@ mjfEncode
 
 .. code-block:: C
 
-   typedef int (*mjfEncode)(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
-                            mjResource* resource);
+   typedef mjtSize (*mjfEncode)(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
+                                mjResource* resource);
 
 
 This callback populates the :ref:`mjResource<mjResource>` `data` member with bytes representing the

doc/changelog.rst

@@ -10,6 +10,11 @@ General
 - Added Nesterov momentum extrapolation with adaptive gradient restart (O'Donoghue-Candès) to the PGS solver,
   significantly improving convergence. Overall PGS now requires ~2x fewer iterations.
 
+.. admonition:: Breaking API changes
+   :class: attention
+
+   - Return type of :ref:`mj_encode` and the :ref:`mjfEncode` callback changed from ``int`` to ``mjtSize`` (64-bit).
+
 Version 3.10.0 (June 22, 2026)
 ------------------------------
 

doc/includes/references.h

@@ -3231,9 +3231,9 @@ mjSpec* mj_parseXML(const char* filename, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error, int err
 mjSpec* mj_parseXMLString(const char* xml, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error, int error_sz);
 mjSpec* mj_parse(const char* filename, const char* content_type,
                  const mjVFS* vfs, char* error, int error_sz);
-int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
-              const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
-              int error_sz);
+mjtSize mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
+                  const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
+                  int error_sz);
 mjModel* mj_compile(mjSpec* s, const mjVFS* vfs);
 int mj_copyBack(mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m);
 int mj_recompile(mjSpec* s, const mjVFS* vfs, mjModel* m, mjData* d);

include/mujoco/mjplugin.h

@@ -91,8 +91,8 @@ typedef struct mjpDecoder {
 
 //---------------------------------- Encoder -------------------------------------------------------
 
-typedef int (*mjfEncode)(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
-                         mjResource* resource);
+typedef mjtSize (*mjfEncode)(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
+                            mjResource* resource);
 
 typedef struct mjpEncoder {
   const char* content_type;

include/mujoco/mujoco.h

@@ -147,9 +147,9 @@ MJAPI mjSpec* mj_parse(const char* filename, const char* content_type,
 // Encode spec/model to a file using a registered encoder.
 // Returns the number of bytes written on success, -1 on failure.
 // Nullable: m, vfs, error
-MJAPI int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
-                    const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
-                    int error_sz);
+MJAPI mjtSize mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
+                        const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
+                        int error_sz);
 
 // Compile spec to model.
 // Nullable: vfs

python/mujoco/introspect/functions.py

@@ -436,7 +436,7 @@ FUNCTIONS: Mapping[str, FunctionDecl] = dict([
     ('mj_encode',
      FunctionDecl(
          name='mj_encode',
-         return_type=ValueType(name='int'),
+         return_type=ValueType(name='mjtSize'),
          parameters=(
              FunctionParameterDecl(
                  name='s',

python/mujoco/specs.cc

@@ -545,7 +545,7 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(_specs, m) {
       "encode",
       [](MjSpec& self, std::string filename,
          std::optional<py::object> model,
-         std::optional<std::string> content_type) -> int {
+         std::optional<std::string> content_type) -> mjtSize {
         raw::MjModel* m = nullptr;
         if (model.has_value() && !model->is_none()) {
           auto& wrapper =
@@ -572,8 +572,8 @@ PYBIND11_MODULE(_specs, m) {
         err[0] = '\0';
         const char* ct =
             content_type.has_value() ? content_type->c_str() : nullptr;
-        int nbytes = mj_encode(self.ptr, m, filename.c_str(), ct,
-                               vfs_ptr, err.data(), err.size());
+        mjtSize nbytes = mj_encode(self.ptr, m, filename.c_str(), ct,
+                                   vfs_ptr, err.data(), err.size());
 
         if (vfs_ptr) {
           mj_deleteVFS(vfs_ptr);

src/user/user_api.cc

@@ -146,9 +146,9 @@ mjSpec* mj_parse(const char* filename, const char* content_type,
 }
 
 // encode spec/model to file
-int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
-              const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
-              int error_sz) {
+mjtSize mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
+                  const char* content_type, const mjVFS* vfs, char* error,
+                  int error_sz) {
   // TODO(shaves) Move MJCF and URDF to encoders/decoders.
   auto filepath = mujoco::user::FilePath(filename);
   if (filepath.Ext() == ".xml" ||
@@ -158,7 +158,7 @@ int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
       return -1;
     }
 
-    return std::filesystem::file_size(filename);
+    return static_cast<mjtSize>(std::filesystem::file_size(filename));
   }
 
   const mjpEncoder* encoder = mjp_findEncoder(filename, content_type);
@@ -174,7 +174,7 @@ int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
   memset(&resource, 0, sizeof(resource));
   resource.name = const_cast<char*>(filename);
 
-  const int nbytes = encoder->encode(s, m, vfs, &resource);
+  const mjtSize nbytes = encoder->encode(s, m, vfs, &resource);
   if (nbytes < 0 || !resource.data) {
     if (error) {
       strncpy(error, "encoder failed", error_sz);
@@ -197,7 +197,7 @@ int mj_encode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const char* filename,
   fclose(fp);
   encoder->close_resource(&resource);
 
-  if (static_cast<int>(written) != nbytes) {
+  if (static_cast<mjtSize>(written) != nbytes) {
     if (error) {
       strncpy(error, "failed to write all bytes to file", error_sz);
       error[error_sz - 1] = '\0';

src/xml/mjz/mjz_encoder.cc

@@ -306,8 +306,8 @@ std::unordered_map<std::string, AssetEntry> CollectAssets(
   return archive_entries;
 }
 
-int MjzEncode(const mjSpec* spec, const mjModel* model, const mjVFS* vfs,
-              mjResource* resource) {
+mjtSize MjzEncode(const mjSpec* spec, const mjModel* model, const mjVFS* vfs,
+                  mjResource* resource) {
   if (!spec || !resource) {
     return -1;
   }
@@ -399,7 +399,7 @@ int MjzEncode(const mjSpec* spec, const mjModel* model, const mjVFS* vfs,
 
   resource->data = archive_buf;
 
-  return static_cast<int>(archive_size);
+  return static_cast<mjtSize>(archive_size);
 }
 
 void MjzCloseResource(mjResource* resource) {

test/plugin/encoder/encoder_test.cc

@@ -34,8 +34,8 @@ struct FakeEncoderOutput {
   char resource_name[512];
 };
 
-int FakeEncode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
-               mjResource* resource) {
+mjtSize FakeEncode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
+                   mjResource* resource) {
   auto* output = new FakeEncoderOutput;
   output->nbody = m->nbody;
   output->ngeom = m->ngeom;
@@ -43,7 +43,7 @@ int FakeEncode(const mjSpec* s, const mjModel* m, const mjVFS* vfs,
   std::snprintf(output->resource_name, sizeof(output->resource_name), "%s",
                 resource->name);
   resource->data = output;
-  return sizeof(FakeEncoderOutput);
+  return static_cast<mjtSize>(sizeof(FakeEncoderOutput));
 }
 
 void CloseResource(mjResource* resource) {

unity/Runtime/Bindings/MjBindings.cs

@@ -6690,7 +6690,7 @@ public static unsafe extern void mj_clearCache(mjCache_* cache);
 public static unsafe extern mjModel_* mj_loadXML([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string filename, void* vfs, StringBuilder error, int error_sz);
 
 [DllImport("mujoco", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
-public static unsafe extern int mj_encode(void* s, mjModel_* m, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string filename, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string content_type, void* vfs, StringBuilder error, int error_sz);
+public static unsafe extern UInt64 mj_encode(void* s, mjModel_* m, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string filename, [MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string content_type, void* vfs, StringBuilder error, int error_sz);
 
 [DllImport("mujoco", CallingConvention = CallingConvention.Cdecl)]
 public static unsafe extern int mj_saveLastXML([MarshalAs(UnmanagedType.LPStr)]string filename, mjModel_* m, StringBuilder error, int error_sz);