https://youtu.be/GioWwB36XHI
The new geom attribute adhesion (units of force, signed; pair-level
override) translates the contact friction cone along its normal so
that the force origin lies strictly inside it. Consequences: each
contact can pull with up to the given force before breaking, and the
tangential friction budget becomes mu*(f_N + adhesion) -- the
Mohr-Coulomb yield condition with cohesion c = mu*adhesion -- so
lightly-squeezed grasps retain a guaranteed friction floor.
A translated cone factors exactly into {constant attractive force}
+ {original cone}, so no solver kernels change. The implementation is
this factorization: a constant attraction along contact normals
accumulated into the new mjData.qfrc_adhesion (summed into
qfrc_passive), plus a bias of adhesive contact rows' reference
acceleration (aref += R*adhesion), which makes resting penetration
exactly independent of adhesion. Contacts of adhesive pairs remain
active throughout the gap zone, producing rows with positive violation
whose reference acceleration pulls: a tether that resists pull-off
smoothly, captures objects released within the band into steady
contact, and detaches at the specified force. Adhesion values of the
two geoms combine by sum; explicit pairs override.
mj_contactForce reports the net interface force (cone force minus the
adhesive pull), whose normal component can now be negative. Negative
adhesion is allowed and produces a repulsive offset (air hockey).
PiperOrigin-RevId: 950858148
Change-Id: I879c08eba7ae501e5c0f8c2f807167344da4c2bc
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdSdrqhSiZA
The new geom attribute surfacevel (6 numbers: linear and angular velocity in the geom's local frame, angular about the geom frame origin) specifies the velocity of the geom's surface material relative to the geom frame. The relative surface velocity of the two geoms is added to the tangential contact rows of efc_vel in mj_referenceConstraint, so friction drives touching bodies toward the motion of the surface: objects on a conveyor are transported at belt speed, turntables impart omega x r with torsional spin-up for condim >= 4, and surface velocities compose with each other and with body motion. The component along the contact normal is projected out: probe experiments showed that velocity-space emission chatters mass-independently and ingestion merely deepens penetration; normal-direction effects belong to force-space features.
surfacevel is interpreted in the geom frame as authored: for mesh geoms, whose compiled frame absorbs the mesh centering and principal-axes transform, the compiler re-expresses the authored value in the compiled frame.
No special interaction with sleeping: objects being transported do not fall asleep because they are moving; objects at rest on an active surface may sleep like any other resting object.
Includes showcase models (model/surfacevel/): a luggage carousel whose ring is a spinning square-profile supertorus fed by a cascade of belts with matched spinning end rollers, bags dropping in and circulating indefinitely; and a treadmill with a passive humanoid.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948647785
Change-Id: I0c6559a91cc7ece1237eb8ac2e51986e7342d962
For example when loading parent_merge.xml:
```
WARNING: Attach conflict when attaching 'child' to 'parent_merge', policy is 'merge'
timestep: parent has 0.005, child has 0.002, taking the minimum
iterations: parent has 50, child has 100, taking the maximum
flag 'Damper': added from child
```
When loading parent_error.xml:
```
XML Error: Attach conflict when attaching 'child' to 'parent_error', policy is 'error'
timestep: parent has 0.005, child has 0.002
iterations: parent has 50, child has 100
Element 'attach', line 10
```
PiperOrigin-RevId: 933620810
Change-Id: Ib477863b5ef763474d27fb4be5a4148be1d5d500
Yuval Tassa