优化skill，添加特征树、编辑窗口
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# CNC machined part family reference optimization plan
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This document is a first-pass implementation plan for improving `text-to-cad`
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generation quality using reference guidance only. It is not a validator or a
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factory design. The goal is to teach the CAD agent the recurring geometry,
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datum choices, parameter roles, feature roles, and common failure modes of
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common CNC machined part families before it writes build123d source.
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Research sources used for this plan include public CNC design-for-machining
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guides from Protolabs and Xometry, flange references from Texas Flange and
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ASME-flange guides, bearing-housing descriptions from ASKUBAL, lead-screw and
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spline references from Roton, igus, Machinery's Handbook excerpts, and online
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manufacturing articles on gearbox housings, impellers, propellers, mold
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components, and fixture parts. These sources should be treated as guidance for
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recognition and modeling structure, not as a substitute for standards, drawings,
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tolerances, or certification.
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## Reference optimization principle
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References should improve the first generated model without locking all output
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to one template. Each part-family reference should be written as:
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1. Recognition terms: English and Chinese names, aliases, and adjacent part names.
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2. Invariants: features that must exist for the part to be semantically correct.
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3. Variants: common forms the user may ask for.
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4. Default strategy: what to do when the user gives no variant.
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5. Parameter roles: dimensions that must become named parameters.
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6. Feature roles: modeling units the agent should plan explicitly.
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7. Construction sequence: safe build123d order.
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8. Common failures: mistakes the reference should actively prevent.
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9. Validation targets: geometry facts to inspect manually or with generic CAD tools.
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Important: references are soft constraints. They should say "default to" and
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"unless the user specifies otherwise", not "always generate this exact shape".
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## Cross-family CNC modeling rules
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Use these rules in every part-family reference:
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- Keep all functional dimensions as named parameters, not buried numbers.
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- Choose the origin from the dominant functional datum: shaft axis, bearing axis,
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plate center, mounting face, split face, or sealing face.
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- Build base geometry first, cut primary holes/bores second, add secondary
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holes/pockets/slots third, and apply fillets/chamfers last.
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- Prefer standard drilled/tapped/clearance hole sizes when the user does not
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give a custom size.
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- Avoid thin walls, deep narrow pockets, blind holes without depth, tiny features,
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and square internal corners unless explicitly requested.
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- For CNC-like models, use internal radii or relieved corners for milled pockets;
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use external chamfers for handling and deburring.
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- For multi-face parts, preserve datum relationships over visual symmetry.
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- Do not claim real machinability, tolerance compliance, sealing performance,
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fatigue strength, medical suitability, or aerospace suitability from reference
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guidance alone.
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## Suggested reference file layout
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Do not create dozens of files immediately. Start with seven family references:
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- `references/part-families/shaft.md`
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- `references/part-families/disc-sleeve.md`
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- `references/part-families/housing.md`
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- `references/part-families/plate.md`
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- `references/part-families/freeform-surface.md`
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- `references/part-families/mold-tooling.md`
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- `references/part-families/precision-fixture.md`
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Later, split high-value representatives such as flange, bearing housing, stepped
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shaft, mounting plate, and timing pulley into dedicated files only if the broad
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family references are not enough.
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## 1. Shaft-like parts
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Representative parts: drive shaft, spindle, stepped shaft, spline shaft, lead screw.
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Family recognition terms:
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- English: shaft, drive shaft, spindle, stepped shaft, spline shaft, lead screw,
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threaded shaft, keyseat, journal, shoulder.
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- Chinese: 轴, 传动轴, 主轴, 阶梯轴, 花键轴, 丝杠, 轴肩, 轴颈, 键槽.
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Shared structure:
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- Dominant rotational axis.
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- One or more cylindrical sections.
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- Functional journals, shoulders, grooves, threads, splines, keyseats, end holes,
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chamfers, and reliefs.
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- Datum relationships are mostly axial station, diameter, concentricity, and
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orientation of torque-transfer features.
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### Drive shaft
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Suitability: suitable for references optimization.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: use when the request mentions `drive shaft`, `transmission shaft`,
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`motor shaft`, `传动轴`, or shaft mounted gears/pulleys/couplings.
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- Invariants: long rotational body; at least one torque-transfer interface or
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mounted-component journal; end chamfers; clear axis convention.
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- Variants: plain shaft, shouldered shaft, keyed shaft, cross-drilled shaft,
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threaded-end shaft, shaft with retaining-ring grooves.
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- Default: if under-specified, generate a two- or three-step shaft along X with
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chamfered ends, one central journal, one keyseat on the largest diameter, and
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optional retaining grooves only if requested.
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- Parameter roles: total_length, axis, section_lengths, section_diameters,
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journal_diameter, shoulder_positions, keyseat_width, keyseat_depth,
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keyseat_length, end_chamfer, groove_width, groove_diameter.
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- Feature roles: rotational_stack, shoulders, journals, keyseat, end_chamfers,
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retaining_grooves, threaded_ends.
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- Construction sequence: revolve or union cylinders by axial stations; cut
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keyseat with an overshooting rectangular tool; cut grooves; cut end features;
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apply chamfers/fillets last.
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- Common failures to prevent: vertical shaft when user expects horizontal,
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non-coaxial sections, keyseat cutting fully through the shaft, arbitrary
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section lengths, unlabeled parameters.
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- Validation targets: total length, section diameters, coaxiality, keyseat
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location and non-through depth, chamfer existence, single connected solid.
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### Spindle
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Suitability: suitable for reference guidance, but not for precision claims.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: use for `spindle`, `machine spindle`, `主轴`, tool-holding shafts,
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bearing journals, taper noses, and precision rotating shafts.
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- Invariants: dominant axis, bearing journals, locating shoulders, tool/work
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interface at one end, high-importance datum surfaces.
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- Variants: simple spindle blank, stepped spindle, taper-nose spindle, threaded
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nose, through-bore spindle.
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- Default: create a stepped shaft with two bearing journals, shoulders, a nose
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interface, and optional through-bore if requested.
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- Parameter roles: bearing_journal_diameter, bearing_spacing, nose_diameter,
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nose_length, taper_angle, through_bore_diameter, shoulder_width,
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relief_groove_width, end_thread_length.
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- Feature roles: bearing_journals, datum_shoulders, tool_nose, through_bore,
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relief_grooves, end_threads.
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- Construction sequence: build coaxial stack; add nose taper by revolve; cut
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through-bore coaxially; add relief grooves; chamfer shoulders last.
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- Common failures to prevent: treating spindle as a decorative shaft, missing
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bearing journals, missing locating shoulders, claiming runout/tolerance.
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- Validation targets: coaxial sections, bearing journal count, nose location,
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through-bore coaxiality, axial spacing.
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### Stepped shaft
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Suitability: highly suitable for references optimization.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `stepped shaft`, `multi-diameter shaft`, `阶梯轴`, `多段直径`.
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- Invariants: multiple coaxial cylindrical sections with ordered axial lengths
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and diameters.
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- Variants: simple stepped shaft, stepped shaft with keyway, stepped shaft with
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end thread, stepped shaft with center holes.
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- Default: generate three coaxial sections along X, with larger middle section,
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shoulders, end chamfers, and no keyway unless requested.
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- Parameter roles: total_length, segment_lengths, segment_diameters,
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axis_direction, shoulder_radii, chamfer_size, optional_keyway.
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- Feature roles: coaxial_cylindrical_stack, shoulders, end_chamfers, keyseat,
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center_drill_holes.
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- Construction sequence: build cylinders by segment; fuse as one solid; cut
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optional features; chamfer/fillet shoulders and ends last.
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- Common failures to prevent: stacking along Z by default when prompt says shaft,
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wrong segment order, detached cylinders, missing shoulders.
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- Validation targets: axis direction, total length, each segment diameter and
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length, single solid.
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### Spline shaft
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Suitability: suitable as a simplified reference model; exact spline standards
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require drawings or standards and should not be promised.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `spline shaft`, `involute spline`, `straight spline`, `花键轴`.
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- Invariants: shaft plus repeated axial teeth or grooves on a spline region,
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centered around the main axis.
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- Variants: straight-sided external spline, simplified involute-like spline,
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serrated spline, partial-length spline.
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- Default: use a simplified straight-sided external spline region with evenly
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spaced teeth unless the user specifies an involute standard.
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- Parameter roles: shaft_diameter, spline_outer_diameter, spline_root_diameter,
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spline_length, tooth_count, tooth_width_angle, pressure_angle_if_known,
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root_fillet_radius.
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- Feature roles: base_shaft, spline_region, repeated_teeth_or_grooves,
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transition_shoulders, chamfers.
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- Construction sequence: build base shaft; add/cut repeated teeth/grooves around
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axis using polar pattern; add transition reliefs; chamfer ends.
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- Common failures to prevent: treating spline as a single keyway, uneven tooth
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spacing, teeth not attached to shaft, excessive tooth count causing fragile
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topology.
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- Validation targets: tooth count, angular spacing, spline length, coaxiality,
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tooth attachment to shaft.
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### Lead screw
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Suitability: suitable for simplified references; unsuitable for accurate ball
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screw internals or certified thread geometry without standards.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `lead screw`, `ACME screw`, `trapezoidal screw`, `丝杠`,
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`梯形丝杠`.
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- Invariants: long shaft with helical or visually helical thread region; thread
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pitch/lead and major diameter are named.
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- Variants: trapezoidal thread, ACME thread, simple helical ridge, threaded
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region plus plain bearing journals.
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- Default: generate a shaft with plain end journals and a central simplified
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trapezoidal helical thread region.
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- Parameter roles: major_diameter, minor_diameter, pitch, lead, thread_length,
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starts, thread_angle, journal_diameter, end_length.
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- Feature roles: screw_core, helical_thread, end_journals, relief_grooves,
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chamfers.
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- Construction sequence: build core shaft; add swept helical ridge or simplified
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visual thread; add end journals and reliefs; chamfer ends.
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- Common failures to prevent: modeling fastening thread instead of power screw,
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omitting pitch/lead, thread over entire part when journals are requested.
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- Validation targets: thread region length, major/minor diameter envelope,
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pitch count if modeled discretely, coaxial end journals.
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## 2. Disc and sleeve parts
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Representative parts: flange, end cover, bearing housing, timing pulley, gear blank.
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Family recognition terms:
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- English: flange, cover, end cap, bearing seat, bearing housing, pulley, timing
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pulley, gear blank, hub, bushing, sleeve.
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- Chinese: 法兰盘, 端盖, 轴承座, 带座轴承, 同步带轮, 齿轮毛坯, 轮毂, 轴套.
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Shared structure:
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- Often axisymmetric or partly axisymmetric.
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- Central bore, hub, boss, bolt circle, counterbores, sealing face, shoulder,
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groove, flange rim, or belt/gear interface.
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### Flange
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Suitability: highly suitable for references optimization.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `flange`, `flange plate`, `pipe flange`, `法兰`, `法兰盘`.
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- Invariants: circular disk or hubbed disk; central bore; bolt-hole pattern;
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sealing or mating face.
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- Variants: flat face, raised face, ring groove, weld-neck-like hub, blind
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flange, adapter flange.
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- Default: circular flat or raised-face flange with central through-bore and
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evenly spaced bolt holes on a bolt circle.
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- Parameter roles: outside_diameter, thickness, bore_diameter, bolt_count,
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bolt_circle_diameter, bolt_hole_diameter, raised_face_diameter,
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raised_face_height, hub_diameter, hub_height, fillet_radius.
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- Feature roles: flange_disk, central_bore, bolt_circle_holes, sealing_face,
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raised_face_or_groove, hub, edge_fillets.
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- Construction sequence: cylinder disk; optional hub/raised face; cut central
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bore; cut patterned bolt holes; add gasket groove if requested; fillet last.
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- Common failures to prevent: missing central bore, bolt holes not on a circle,
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non-coaxial bore, extra random holes, fillets before cuts.
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- Validation targets: OD, thickness, bore diameter, bolt count, bolt circle,
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angular spacing, sealing face coaxiality.
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### End cover
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Suitability: suitable for references optimization.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `end cover`, `bearing cover`, `cap`, `端盖`, `轴承端盖`.
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- Invariants: cover plate/cap, locating lip or pilot diameter, bolt holes,
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sealing face, optional central opening or boss.
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- Variants: blind end cover, bearing retainer cover, flanged cap, cover with
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oil seal bore.
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- Default: shallow round cover with pilot lip, bolt circle, and optional central
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boss if the request mentions shaft/bearing.
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- Parameter roles: cover_outer_diameter, cover_thickness, pilot_diameter,
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pilot_depth, bolt_count, bolt_circle_diameter, bolt_hole_diameter,
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seal_bore_diameter, gasket_groove_width.
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- Feature roles: cover_plate, pilot_lip, bolt_circle_holes, seal_bore,
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gasket_land, outer_chamfer.
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- Construction sequence: disk/cap body; add lip or boss; cut central/seal bore;
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cut bolt holes; add gasket groove; chamfer/fillet last.
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- Common failures to prevent: no locating lip, bolt holes not symmetric,
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wrong cover side, thin unsupported rim.
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- Validation targets: pilot diameter/depth, bolt circle, center opening,
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thickness, sealing face.
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### Bearing housing
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Suitability: suitable, but must preserve variants and avoid one fixed template.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `bearing housing`, `pillow block`, `bearing seat`, `bearing
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support`, `轴承座`, `带座轴承`, `轴承支座`.
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- Invariants: bearing seat or bearing bore; shaft clearance axis; mounting base
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or flange; material supporting the bearing; mounting holes.
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- Variants: pillow block, flanged bearing housing, plate-mounted bearing seat,
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split bearing housing, cartridge holder.
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- Default: if under-specified, generate a pillow-block style single solid:
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flat base, raised bearing boss, coaxial bearing/shaft bore, two mounting holes,
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and reinforcing ribs.
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- Parameter roles: bearing_outer_diameter, bearing_width, shaft_diameter,
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bearing_center_height, base_length, base_width, base_thickness,
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mount_hole_diameter, mount_hole_spacing, boss_outer_diameter,
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wall_thickness, rib_thickness.
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- Feature roles: base_block, bearing_boss, bearing_seat_bore,
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shaft_clearance_bore, mounting_holes, side_walls, reinforcing_ribs,
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split_cap_if_requested.
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- Construction sequence: create base; add bearing boss/support body; cut bearing
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bore and shaft clearance coaxially; add mounting holes; add ribs that intersect
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base and boss; fillet last.
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- Common failures to prevent: looking like a generic bracket, missing bearing
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bore, ribs floating or detached, mounting holes asymmetric, bearing center
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height undefined.
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- Validation targets: bore coaxiality, center height, mounting-hole symmetry,
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bore diameter/depth, connected solid, planar base.
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### Timing pulley
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Suitability: suitable for visual/parametric references; exact tooth standard
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requires profile data.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `timing pulley`, `synchronous pulley`, `belt pulley`,
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`同步带轮`.
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- Invariants: toothed circumference matched to pitch/tooth count, central bore,
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hub or set-screw/keyway interface, optional flanges.
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- Variants: flangeless, single-flange, double-flange, hubbed, keyed bore,
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set-screw bore.
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- Default: simplified double-flanged timing pulley with central bore, hub, and
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repeated grooves/teeth based on tooth_count and pitch.
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- Parameter roles: tooth_count, belt_pitch, pulley_width, bore_diameter,
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hub_diameter, hub_length, flange_diameter, flange_thickness,
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tooth_depth, keyway_width, set_screw_hole_diameter.
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- Feature roles: toothed_rim, pitch_circle, flanges, bore, hub, keyway,
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set_screw_holes.
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- Construction sequence: build pulley blank and hub; add/cut repeated tooth
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grooves around rim; add flanges; cut bore/keyway/set screws; chamfer last.
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- Common failures to prevent: smooth pulley with no teeth, wrong tooth count,
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teeth not evenly spaced, missing bore, flanges confused with gear teeth.
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- Validation targets: tooth count, width, bore diameter, flange presence, hub
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coaxiality.
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### Gear blank
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Suitability: suitable for references optimization. This is not final gear-tooth
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generation unless requested.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `gear blank`, `gear body`, `齿轮毛坯`.
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- Invariants: round blank with bore, faces, optional hub, keyway, bolt/dowel
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holes, weight-relief pockets.
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- Variants: plain gear blank, hubbed blank, webbed blank, blank with lightening
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holes, blank with keyway.
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- Default: axisymmetric disk with central bore, hub, chamfers, and optional
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keyway if torque transfer is mentioned.
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- Parameter roles: outside_diameter, face_width, bore_diameter, hub_diameter,
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hub_width, web_thickness, keyway_width, keyway_depth, lightening_hole_count.
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- Feature roles: gear_blank_body, central_bore, hub, keyway, lightening_holes,
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reference_faces.
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- Construction sequence: turn-like disk/hub by revolve; cut bore; cut keyway or
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pockets; chamfer reference faces.
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- Common failures to prevent: adding inaccurate gear teeth when user asked only
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for blank, non-coaxial bore, missing hub/keyway when specified.
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- Validation targets: OD, face width, bore, hub, keyway location, symmetry.
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## 3. Housing and casing parts
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Representative parts: gearbox housing, reducer housing, engine block/head, pump body.
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Family recognition terms:
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- English: housing, casing, gearbox housing, reducer housing, pump body, engine
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block, cylinder head, valve body.
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- Chinese: 箱体, 壳体, 变速箱体, 减速器壳, 发动机缸体, 缸盖, 泵体, 阀体.
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Shared structure:
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- Multiple machined datums and mating faces.
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- Bearing bores or shaft holes.
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- Cover/flange interfaces, bolt patterns, oil/coolant/flow passages, bosses,
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ribs, feet, pads, and wall thickness.
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### Gearbox housing
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Suitability: suitable for simplified references optimization. Full industrial
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gearbox housings need drawings and are not guaranteed by references alone.
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Implementation plan:
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- Recognition: `gearbox housing`, `transmission housing`, `变速箱体`.
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- Invariants: cavity for gears, bearing bores or shaft openings, mounting faces,
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cover/split face, bolt patterns, oil/seal features.
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- Variants: one-piece housing, split housing, side cover housing, multi-shaft
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housing, motor flange housing.
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- Default: rectangular/rounded housing with internal cavity, two coaxial bearing
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bores, cover flange with bolt holes, mounting feet, and oil port.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: length, width, height, wall_thickness, shaft_center_distance,
|
||||
bearing_bore_diameter, bore_axis_positions, cover_flange_thickness,
|
||||
bolt_count, mounting_foot_dimensions, seal_groove_diameter.
|
||||
- Feature roles: main_cavity, bearing_bores, split_or_cover_face, mounting_feet,
|
||||
bolt_patterns, oil_ports, ribs, seal_grooves.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: create outer housing shell; hollow cavity; add bosses
|
||||
around bores; cut bearing bores; add cover flange and mounting feet; cut bolt
|
||||
holes and ports; add ribs/fillets last.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: simple box with no bores, misaligned bearing bores,
|
||||
no cover face, random holes, walls too thin.
|
||||
- Validation targets: bore count and axes, wall thickness envelope, flange face,
|
||||
bolt pattern, cavity existence, mounting feet.
|
||||
|
||||
### Reducer housing
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for references optimization, especially simplified worm,
|
||||
spur, or planetary reducer housings.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `reducer housing`, `gear reducer case`, `减速器壳`, `减速箱壳`.
|
||||
- Invariants: input/output bearing support, shaft center distance, gear cavity,
|
||||
mounting base/flange, cover interface.
|
||||
- Variants: parallel-shaft reducer, right-angle/worm reducer, planetary reducer
|
||||
shell, split-case reducer.
|
||||
- Default: compact two-shaft reducer housing with gear cavity, two bearing-bore
|
||||
axes, cover flange, and mounting feet.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: input_bore_diameter, output_bore_diameter, shaft_spacing,
|
||||
housing_length, housing_width, housing_height, wall_thickness,
|
||||
cover_bolt_count, mounting_hole_spacing.
|
||||
- Feature roles: gear_cavity, input_bearing_bore, output_bearing_bore,
|
||||
cover_flange, mounting_base, oil_fill_drain_ports.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: outer shell; cavity; bearing bosses and bores; cover
|
||||
face; feet; bolt/port holes; ribs/fillets.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: no defined shaft axes, bores not parallel/coaxial
|
||||
according to variant, missing cover, no mounting method.
|
||||
- Validation targets: shaft spacing, bore diameter, cover bolt pattern, base
|
||||
plane, cavity and wall thickness.
|
||||
|
||||
### Engine block / cylinder head
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable for references-only optimization as a representative
|
||||
industrial part. The real geometry depends on combustion chamber design,
|
||||
cylinder layout, valve train, water jackets, oil galleries, head gasket pattern,
|
||||
casting constraints, and application-specific standards. A reference can help
|
||||
make an educational simplified block/head, but it should not be used as a
|
||||
general optimized CNC part family. No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
### Pump body
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable only for simplified pump-body references; not suitable for
|
||||
accurate hydraulic/flow performance without drawings or CFD geometry.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `pump body`, `pump housing`, `volute`, `泵体`, `泵壳`.
|
||||
- Invariants: impeller chamber or flow cavity, inlet/outlet ports or flanges,
|
||||
seal/bearing datum, mounting feet/pads, bolt patterns.
|
||||
- Variants: centrifugal volute body, simple inline pump body, cover-mounted pump
|
||||
casing, bearing-frame pump body.
|
||||
- Default: simplified centrifugal pump body with circular impeller chamber,
|
||||
tangential discharge, axial inlet flange, cover bolt pattern, and mounting feet.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: chamber_diameter, chamber_depth, inlet_diameter,
|
||||
outlet_diameter, outlet_angle, flange_diameters, bolt_count, wall_thickness,
|
||||
seal_bore_diameter, mounting_hole_spacing.
|
||||
- Feature roles: impeller_chamber, inlet_port, outlet_port, flanges,
|
||||
seal_bore, cover_bolt_pattern, mounting_feet.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: create body envelope; cut chamber; add inlet/outlet
|
||||
bosses/flanges; cut passages as simplified cylinders/sweeps; add cover bolt
|
||||
pattern and feet; fillet last.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: ordinary box with holes, missing volute/chamber,
|
||||
inlet/outlet not connected, no mounting/sealing face.
|
||||
- Validation targets: chamber existence, inlet/outlet axes, flange bolt patterns,
|
||||
seal bore coaxiality, wall continuity.
|
||||
|
||||
## 4. Plate parts
|
||||
|
||||
Representative parts: mounting base plate, connecting plate, template, panel.
|
||||
|
||||
Family recognition terms:
|
||||
|
||||
- English: plate, mounting plate, base plate, connecting plate, template, panel,
|
||||
tooling plate, fixture plate.
|
||||
- Chinese: 板, 安装底板, 连接板, 模板, 面板, 工装板, 夹具板.
|
||||
|
||||
Shared structure:
|
||||
|
||||
- Mostly prismatic flat body.
|
||||
- Hole patterns, slots, pockets, counterbores, tapped holes, datum edges, chamfers.
|
||||
|
||||
### Mounting base plate
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: highly suitable for references optimization.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `mounting plate`, `base plate`, `安装底板`.
|
||||
- Invariants: flat rectangular or shaped plate, mounting holes, datum edges or
|
||||
centerline, thickness.
|
||||
- Variants: rectangular, rounded-corner, slotted, grid-hole, counterbored,
|
||||
tapped-hole plate.
|
||||
- Default: centered rectangular plate with four corner mounting holes and small
|
||||
edge chamfers if no hole count is specified.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: length, width, thickness, corner_radius, hole_diameter,
|
||||
hole_offset_x, hole_offset_y, slot_length, counterbore_diameter.
|
||||
- Feature roles: plate_body, mounting_holes, slots, counterbores, datum_edges,
|
||||
chamfers.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: base plate; cut holes/slots; counterbores; chamfer.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: holes too close to edges, non-through holes when
|
||||
through holes requested, arbitrary origin, missing thickness.
|
||||
- Validation targets: bounding box, hole count, hole positions, thickness,
|
||||
slot dimensions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Connecting plate
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: highly suitable for references optimization.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `connecting plate`, `adapter plate`, `连接板`, `转接板`.
|
||||
- Invariants: plate connecting two patterns, usually two or more bolt patterns
|
||||
and datum relationship between them.
|
||||
- Variants: flat adapter, offset adapter, slotted adjustment plate, triangular or
|
||||
dogbone link plate.
|
||||
- Default: rectangular adapter plate with two named bolt patterns and datum
|
||||
centerlines.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: plate_length, plate_width, thickness, pattern_a_hole_count,
|
||||
pattern_a_spacing, pattern_b_hole_count, pattern_b_spacing, pattern_offset.
|
||||
- Feature roles: plate_body, pattern_a, pattern_b, adjustment_slots,
|
||||
datum_centerlines.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: plate outline; cut pattern A and B; add slots or pockets;
|
||||
chamfer last.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: merging two patterns into one, losing offset, holes
|
||||
not symmetric when expected.
|
||||
- Validation targets: both bolt patterns, relative offset, thickness, hole sizes.
|
||||
|
||||
### Template
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for references optimization when template geometry is
|
||||
explicit. Freeform template outlines need dimensions or a reference image.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `template`, `drill template`, `routing template`, `模板`.
|
||||
- Invariants: thin plate, reference outline, guide holes/slots, marking or
|
||||
alignment features.
|
||||
- Variants: drill jig template, router template, inspection template, gauge-like
|
||||
profile template.
|
||||
- Default: thin rectangular template with guide holes and alignment notches.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: outline_dimensions, thickness, guide_hole_diameter,
|
||||
guide_hole_positions, alignment_notch_size, label_text_if_requested.
|
||||
- Feature roles: template_outline, guide_holes, alignment_notches, slots,
|
||||
reference_edges.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: outline; cut guide features; add notches; chamfer.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: too thick, missing guide features, no datum edge.
|
||||
- Validation targets: outline size, guide-hole count and position, flatness.
|
||||
|
||||
### Panel
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for references optimization.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `panel`, `front panel`, `control panel`, `面板`.
|
||||
- Invariants: flat plate face, cutouts, mounting holes, optional display/button
|
||||
holes, edge treatment.
|
||||
- Variants: rectangular front panel, instrument panel, connector panel, vented
|
||||
panel, cover panel.
|
||||
- Default: rectangular panel with corner mounting holes and one central cutout
|
||||
only if function is specified.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: panel_length, panel_width, panel_thickness, cutout_size,
|
||||
cutout_position, mounting_hole_diameter, hole_offsets, corner_radius.
|
||||
- Feature roles: panel_body, mounting_holes, connector_cutouts, display_window,
|
||||
ventilation_slots, edge_chamfers.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: panel body; cut main openings; cut small holes/slots;
|
||||
chamfer/deburr edges.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: missing user-specified cutouts, rounded card-like
|
||||
visual instead of machinable panel, holes not parameterized.
|
||||
- Validation targets: panel size, cutout size/position, hole count, thickness.
|
||||
|
||||
## 5. Freeform and curved-surface parts
|
||||
|
||||
Representative parts: impeller, turbine blade, propeller, cam.
|
||||
|
||||
Family recognition terms:
|
||||
|
||||
- English: impeller, turbine blade, propeller, cam, airfoil, blade, helical,
|
||||
swept, twisted.
|
||||
- Chinese: 叶轮, 涡轮叶片, 螺旋桨, 凸轮, 叶片, 扭转, 曲面.
|
||||
|
||||
### Impeller
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for simplified references optimization. Exact hydraulic or
|
||||
aero performance requires blade curves or a drawing.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `impeller`, `centrifugal impeller`, `compressor wheel`, `叶轮`.
|
||||
- Invariants: central hub, bore, backplate or shroud depending on variant,
|
||||
repeated blades, rotational symmetry.
|
||||
- Variants: open impeller, semi-open impeller, closed impeller, splitter blades,
|
||||
backward-curved blades.
|
||||
- Default: open centrifugal impeller with backplate, hub, bore, and evenly spaced
|
||||
backward-curved blades.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: outer_diameter, hub_diameter, bore_diameter, blade_count,
|
||||
blade_height, blade_thickness, blade_sweep_angle, blade_start_radius,
|
||||
blade_end_radius, backplate_thickness.
|
||||
- Feature roles: backplate, hub, bore, main_blades, splitter_blades,
|
||||
blade_to_hub_transitions.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: build backplate/hub; create one blade from a swept or
|
||||
lofted profile; polar pattern blades; fuse carefully; add bore; fillet roots.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: flat fan disk with rectangles, blades not attached,
|
||||
wrong blade count, no hub/bore, random blade directions.
|
||||
- Validation targets: blade count, even angular spacing, outer diameter, hub and
|
||||
bore coaxiality, blade attachment.
|
||||
|
||||
### Turbine blade
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable for references-only optimization as a general
|
||||
representative part. Real turbine blades require airfoil sections, twist,
|
||||
platform/root geometry, material/process constraints, cooling holes, and strict
|
||||
surface quality. A reference can produce a toy blade, but it will not improve
|
||||
industrial turbine-blade generation reliably. No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
### Propeller
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable for references-only optimization as a general
|
||||
representative part. A propeller needs diameter, pitch or pitch distribution,
|
||||
airfoil sections, blade twist, chord distribution, hub geometry, and application
|
||||
context. Without those, references only produce a plausible visual propeller.
|
||||
No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
### Cam
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable when the cam is treated as a 2D profile with thickness;
|
||||
not suitable for dynamic design validation without motion law data.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `cam`, `disk cam`, `凸轮`, `cam profile`, `lift curve`.
|
||||
- Invariants: rotating body with non-circular profile that drives follower lift;
|
||||
bore/keyway or mounting hole; thickness.
|
||||
- Variants: eccentric cam, plate cam, radial disk cam, groove cam simplified as
|
||||
face groove.
|
||||
- Default: plate cam with base circle, one rise-dwell-return lobe, central bore,
|
||||
and keyway if torque transfer is requested.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: base_circle_radius, lift, rise_angle, dwell_angle,
|
||||
return_angle, follower_radius, thickness, bore_diameter, keyway_width.
|
||||
- Feature roles: cam_profile, base_circle, lobe, bore, keyway, optional_groove.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: generate 2D polar profile from simple motion law or
|
||||
simplified lobe curve; extrude; cut bore/keyway; chamfer edges.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: simple circle with bump lacking lift parameters,
|
||||
lobe not smooth, no bore, profile self-intersection.
|
||||
- Validation targets: base radius, max radius/base + lift, thickness, bore,
|
||||
smooth closed outline.
|
||||
|
||||
## 6. Mold parts
|
||||
|
||||
Representative parts: injection mold core/cavity insert, die-casting core, stamping die insert.
|
||||
|
||||
Family recognition terms:
|
||||
|
||||
- English: mold insert, core insert, cavity insert, die insert, punch insert,
|
||||
stamping insert, ejector pin holes, cooling channels, parting face.
|
||||
- Chinese: 模仁, 模芯, 型腔镶件, 压铸模芯, 冲压模具镶件, 顶针孔, 冷却水路, 分型面.
|
||||
|
||||
### Injection mold core/cavity insert
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable for references-only optimization as a representative
|
||||
part unless the molded-product geometry is supplied. The core/cavity surface is
|
||||
the negative/positive of a product and depends on shrinkage, draft, ejection,
|
||||
cooling, gates, and parting-line decisions. References can guide auxiliary
|
||||
features, but not the main form. No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
### Die-casting core
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable for references-only optimization as a representative
|
||||
part without the cast product, parting strategy, slides/cores, draft, gating,
|
||||
thermal management, and alloy process constraints. No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
### Stamping die insert
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: limited but suitable for simple inserts, punches, die buttons, and
|
||||
profile blocks when the cutting/forming profile is specified.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `stamping die insert`, `punch insert`, `die button`,
|
||||
`冲压模具镶件`.
|
||||
- Invariants: tool-steel block or round insert, working profile/cut edge,
|
||||
locating features, fastener holes, relief/clearance.
|
||||
- Variants: rectangular profile insert, round die button, punch insert,
|
||||
stripper-related insert.
|
||||
- Default: rectangular insert block with specified working profile pocket or
|
||||
protrusion, dowel holes, screw holes, and relief chamfers.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: block_length, block_width, block_height, working_profile,
|
||||
clearance_offset, screw_hole_positions, dowel_hole_positions, relief_depth.
|
||||
- Feature roles: insert_body, working_edge_or_profile, screw_holes, dowel_holes,
|
||||
relief_pocket, datum_faces.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: block; cut/raise working profile; add relief; cut
|
||||
locating and screw holes; chamfer non-working edges.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: ignoring locating holes, decorative profile with
|
||||
no datum, working edge not separated from relief, claiming cutting clearance.
|
||||
- Validation targets: body size, profile presence, screw/dowel hole positions,
|
||||
relief side, datum faces.
|
||||
|
||||
## 7. Precision parts
|
||||
|
||||
Representative parts: gauge, fixture locating part, optical base, medical device part.
|
||||
|
||||
Family recognition terms:
|
||||
|
||||
- English: gauge, fixture, locating block, optical base, precision base, datum,
|
||||
dowel pin, V-block, inspection fixture.
|
||||
- Chinese: 量规, 夹具定位件, 光学基座, 精密基座, 基准面, 定位销孔, V形块.
|
||||
|
||||
Shared boundary:
|
||||
|
||||
- References can improve geometric structure and datum clarity.
|
||||
- References must not claim tolerance, calibration, metrology certification,
|
||||
medical compliance, or optical performance.
|
||||
|
||||
### Gauge
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for simple gauge geometry; not for certified metrology.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `gauge`, `go/no-go gauge`, `inspection gauge`, `量规`.
|
||||
- Invariants: controlled reference geometry, handle/body, measuring feature,
|
||||
datum or label.
|
||||
- Variants: plug gauge, ring gauge, gap gauge, profile gauge, step gauge.
|
||||
- Default: if unspecified, create a simple step/gap gauge with labeled measuring
|
||||
openings and a handle tab.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: nominal_size, go_size, no_go_size, gauge_thickness,
|
||||
handle_length, measuring_slot_width, relief_radius.
|
||||
- Feature roles: gauge_body, measuring_feature, handle, datum_face,
|
||||
relief_notches.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: flat gauge body; cut measuring openings; add handle and
|
||||
reliefs; chamfer safe edges.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: decorative ruler-like part, no actual measuring
|
||||
feature, claiming calibration.
|
||||
- Validation targets: measuring slot/ring/plug size, thickness, handle, datum.
|
||||
|
||||
### Fixture locating part
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: highly suitable for references optimization.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `fixture locator`, `locating block`, `datum block`,
|
||||
`夹具定位件`, `定位块`.
|
||||
- Invariants: datum faces, locating pins/holes, mounting holes, clamping/contact
|
||||
surfaces, repeatable positioning logic.
|
||||
- Variants: locating block, V-block, stop block, pin locator, rest pad.
|
||||
- Default: rectangular locating block with datum face, two dowel holes, mounting
|
||||
holes, and a step or V-groove if locating round stock is mentioned.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: block_length, block_width, block_height, datum_face_offset,
|
||||
dowel_pin_diameter, dowel_spacing, mounting_hole_diameter,
|
||||
v_groove_angle, step_height.
|
||||
- Feature roles: locator_body, datum_faces, dowel_holes, mounting_holes,
|
||||
contact_surface, v_groove_or_step.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: body; machine datum/contact features; cut dowel and
|
||||
mounting holes; add chamfers.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: no datum, holes not tied to datum, cosmetic block,
|
||||
over-constrained pin layout.
|
||||
- Validation targets: datum face existence, dowel-hole count/spacing, mounting
|
||||
holes, contact surface geometry.
|
||||
|
||||
### Optical base
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: suitable for structural reference guidance, not optical alignment
|
||||
claims.
|
||||
|
||||
Implementation plan:
|
||||
|
||||
- Recognition: `optical base`, `optical mounting base`, `光学基座`.
|
||||
- Invariants: flat base, grid or pattern of threaded/clearance holes, raised
|
||||
pads or rails, datum edges, stable support.
|
||||
- Variants: optical breadboard-like base, lens mount base, rail adapter, prism
|
||||
mount base.
|
||||
- Default: flat rectangular base with regular hole grid, two datum edges, and
|
||||
optional raised pads.
|
||||
- Parameter roles: base_length, base_width, base_thickness, hole_grid_pitch,
|
||||
hole_diameter, pad_height, pad_positions, slot_dimensions.
|
||||
- Feature roles: precision_base, hole_grid, datum_edges, raised_mounting_pads,
|
||||
slots, chamfers.
|
||||
- Construction sequence: base; add/cut hole grid; add pads/slots; chamfer.
|
||||
- Common failures to prevent: random decorative holes, no datum edges, claiming
|
||||
optical flatness or alignment.
|
||||
- Validation targets: grid pitch, hole count, base thickness, pad positions.
|
||||
|
||||
### Medical device part
|
||||
|
||||
Suitability: not suitable as a single references-only representative. "Medical
|
||||
device part" is too broad and often safety/regulatory-critical. References can
|
||||
be written for a specific geometry such as a simple surgical fixture, clamp, or
|
||||
implant trial, but not for the category as a whole. No implementation plan.
|
||||
|
||||
## Rollout plan for reference-only optimization
|
||||
|
||||
1. Add a short trigger section to `skills/cad/SKILL.md` that tells the agent to
|
||||
load a part-family reference after the CAD brief and before planning geometry.
|
||||
2. Create the seven broad family reference files listed above.
|
||||
3. Keep each family reference under roughly 150-220 lines so the agent can load
|
||||
it without drowning out the user request.
|
||||
4. Start with the highest-return families:
|
||||
- `plate.md`
|
||||
- `disc-sleeve.md`
|
||||
- `shaft.md`
|
||||
- `housing.md`
|
||||
5. Add `freeform-surface.md`, `mold-tooling.md`, and `precision-fixture.md`
|
||||
with stronger caveats because these families contain unsuitable subtypes.
|
||||
6. Run A/B manual checks on representative prompts before adding validators or
|
||||
factories.
|
||||
|
||||
## Recommended first references
|
||||
|
||||
The first version should prioritize the representatives with the best
|
||||
reference-only payoff:
|
||||
|
||||
- Stepped shaft
|
||||
- Drive shaft
|
||||
- Flange
|
||||
- End cover
|
||||
- Bearing housing
|
||||
- Mounting base plate
|
||||
- Connecting plate
|
||||
- Fixture locating part
|
||||
- Simple impeller
|
||||
- Cam
|
||||
|
||||
Do not start reference-only rollout with:
|
||||
|
||||
- Engine block/cylinder head
|
||||
- Turbine blade
|
||||
- Propeller
|
||||
- Injection mold core/cavity insert
|
||||
- Die-casting core
|
||||
- Generic medical device part
|
||||
|
||||
These require product geometry, curves, standards, regulatory constraints, or
|
||||
domain calculations that references alone cannot supply reliably.
|
||||
|
||||
## Source bibliography
|
||||
|
||||
- Protolabs CNC milling design guidelines:
|
||||
https://www.protolabs.com/services/cnc-machining/cnc-milling/design-guidelines/
|
||||
- Protolabs CNC machining design guide:
|
||||
https://di1vc2liilbw2.cloudfront.net/guides/cnc-machining/
|
||||
- Xometry CNC CAD design tips:
|
||||
https://www.xometry.com/resources/machining/10-tips-improve-cad-cnc-design/
|
||||
- Xometry manufacturing standards:
|
||||
https://www.xometry.com/manufacturing-standards/
|
||||
- Texas Flange flange anatomy:
|
||||
https://texasflange.com/blog/the-complete-guide-to-flanges/
|
||||
- Flange face types:
|
||||
https://www.coastalflange.com/blog/flange-facing-for-b16-5-and-b16-47-flanges/
|
||||
- ASKUBAL pillow block / bearing housing overview:
|
||||
https://www.askubal.de/en/knowledge-base/bearing-units/pillow-block/
|
||||
- Roton trapezoidal lead screws:
|
||||
https://www.roton.com/products/trapezoidal-lead-screws-nuts/general-information/
|
||||
- igus ACME and trapezoidal lead screws:
|
||||
https://www.igus.com/lead-screws/acme-thread-sizes
|
||||
- Machinery's Handbook excerpt on splines:
|
||||
https://online.flippingbook.com/view/954046886/992/
|
||||
- Timing pulley design guide:
|
||||
https://www.sourcebyspec.com/encyclopedia/timing-pulley.html
|
||||
- Gear and gear-blank feature discussion:
|
||||
https://www.cncmachining-services.com/custom-cnc-machining-gears/
|
||||
- Gearbox housing feature references:
|
||||
https://dzmaking.com/gear-housing/
|
||||
- Pump housing inspection/feature discussion:
|
||||
https://www.insvision3d.com/en/news/industry-articles/closing-the-loop-on-pump-housing-quality-with-3d-inspection/
|
||||
- Cylinder head machining complexity reference:
|
||||
https://www.cncmachining-services.com/cylinder-head-machining/
|
||||
- Engine block feature reference:
|
||||
https://www.motor.com/magazine-summary/performance-perspectives-cnc-machining-an-engine-block/
|
||||
- Impeller five-axis / geometry references:
|
||||
https://jeekrapid.com/blog/impeller-machining/
|
||||
https://journals.sagepub.com/doi/10.1177/1687814017726484
|
||||
- Propeller geometry references:
|
||||
https://link.springer.com/article/10.1007/s00773-022-00878-6
|
||||
https://howthingsfly.si.edu/propulsion/propellers
|
||||
- Injection mold component references:
|
||||
https://fecision.com/parts-and-components-of-an-injection-mold/
|
||||
https://www.cavitymold.com/core-and-cavity-design-fundamentals-a-comprehensive-guide-for-injection-mold-engineers/
|
||||
- Die-casting tooling reference:
|
||||
https://cwmdiecast.com/die-cast-tooling-101/
|
||||
- Fixture and locating feature references:
|
||||
https://resources.utec.co/workholding/fixture-design-cnc-machining/
|
||||
https://www.cnctal.com/automation-fixture-parts/
|
||||
https://cnfx.com/industry/machinery-and-equipment-manufacturing/component/locating-pins
|
||||
Reference in New Issue
Block a user