Commit Graph

1628 Commits

Author SHA1 Message Date
Yuval Tassa 3f8db4c17a Add mjcf.schema and its declarative schema language.
The complete MJCF surface in one hand-maintained file: 144 elements, 8
shared attribute groups, 47 enums, 1,497 typed attributes with
defaults, the presence-constraint inventory previously visible only as
hand-written reader checks, and the save policies previously visible
only as hand-written writer logic.

The language is a small IDL: elements bound to their mjSpec structs,
typed attributes with arities and defaults, enum keyword sets with C
bindings, reusable and variant groups, explicit name/reference
namespaces (id<ns>/ref<ns>, following dm_control's
identifier/reference model), child cardinalities, presence constraints
(exclusive/together/requires/oneof over attribute bundles), bitwise
flag sets, identity constants (set field = CONST), fixed char arrays
(chars[n], arity counting characters), numeric range facets, and two
escape hatches: reading=custom (no typed binding is generated; both
reading and saving are hand-written) and writing=custom (the binding
drives the reader, the save policy is hand-written).
doc/generate/mjcf_schema.py is the dependency-free parser and semantic
validator; errors report file:line; 55 unit tests. The language is
documented by the cheat-sheet legend at the top of the schema file.

The schema was bootstrapped by extraction from the sources of record --
the MJCF[] table, the mjMap keyword tables, the ~660 ReadAttr*/MapValue
call sites, mjspec.h struct fields, and the default-constructors in
user_init.c and engine_init.c -- then hand-curated. Same-tag elements
that differ by context are distinct declarations carrying an xml=
facet; worldbody, frame and replicate carry alias=body, mirroring
mjXSchema::NameMatch. The top-level order is by dependency, what a
saved file should read like: front matter, declarations before use,
the tree, the sections that reference it, the data tail.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 958060695
Change-Id: Ie10fd9f0ef202a3626f4d635d02c8731a4d287df
2026-08-02 16:10:14 -07:00
Yuval Tassa fb07a9ca50 Fix missing contacts for deeply penetrating boxes.
When penetration exceeds a box's smallest half-size, the midpoint
between the contact surfaces can land outside both boxes. The outside-
box filter in mjc_BoxBox then removed every contact of the manifold,
returning nothing for a visibly overlapping pair, letting boxes fall
through each other. Fixes #1800.

If the filter would remove all contacts, restore the penetrating ones.
This is strictly additive: configurations where any contact survives
the filter are unchanged.

The removed midpoints are bitwise-identical to the witness midpoints
computed by mj_geomDistance for these configurations, so the positions
follow the engine-wide contact position convention; re-anchoring them
onto a box surface would not.

Fixes #1800

PiperOrigin-RevId: 957867315
Change-Id: Ia9c858661d4badeb2a832d25455e33402936011d
2026-08-02 01:34:59 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 8655446f25 Fix spurious deep contacts in box-box collision.
In the edge-edge path of the box-box collider, when line clipping yields
no points, the corner generators accept points whose projection
parameters are out of range and clamp them into the valid range. The
depth of such a point is the Euclidean distance between two unrelated
points, mixing lateral offset into penetration depth, and on the
penetrating side it is admitted with no margin check. For thin boxes
meeting edge-to-face within margin, this produced a contact with
penetration three orders of magnitude larger than the boxes' true
separation, exploding resting stacks.

No contact can penetrate deeper than the support-interval overlap along
the separating axis, which the SAT stage has already computed. Enforce
this bound on all points emitted by the edge-edge path. The bound
carries margin plus relative and size-scaled slack covering rounding
error: the depth of the deepest legitimate point is algebraically equal
to the bound, so an exact comparison would drop real contacts. The
slack is precision-dependent: in mjUSESINGLE builds the two
computations of the same overlap disagree by tens of ulps, and slack
calibrated for double precision rejects real single-precision contacts.

Differential fuzzing against the nativeccd oracle over 200k random
near-contact thin-box configurations, in both precisions: impossibly
deep contacts drop from 1018 to 4 (worst excess from 2.5x the bounding
diameter to 0.001x), with no legitimate shallow-penetration contact
lost.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 957628830
Change-Id: Iaa1f10742f91c55bf831296cba0936eb50ea09b0
2026-08-01 07:48:32 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 279df98cd0 Add the pid actuator: setpoint inputs, integral action, slew rate limiting.
<pid kp kv|dampratio [ki imax] [slewmax]> is a PID controller with real position and velocity setpoint inputs on a single force output, plus an optional feedforward input. With a zero velocity setpoint it reproduces <position> bit-exactly; the input signature is any subset of [pos, vel, ff], selected with input="..." and recorded as mjtCtrlInput bits in
actuator_ctrlspec; absent setpoint inputs are fixed at zero, so the control vector contains no inert entries.

kp and kv are single-sourced in the affine bias parameters (biasprm[1,2]) with no gainprm mirror: every consumer of the position-servo shape
(dampratio conversion, inheritrange, qDeriv) reads one location, which is what makes the bit-exact <position> parity possible. Controller state uses dyntype 'pid' with slot-gated activations in the order [slew, integral], following the dcmotor slot idiom: slewmax (dynprm[1]) rate limits the effective position setpoint through an activation holding it;
ki (gainprm[0]) integrates the position error -- wrapped on rotational transmissions -- with anti-windup clamping of the integrand at imax (dynprm[0]). Both features require the pos input. Servo input unpacking is shared with the dcmotor controller (unpackServoInputs); per-input ranges are exposed as posrange/velrange/ffrange.

This subsumes the functionality of the mujoco.pid plugin with proper activation state: correct under all integrators, visible to keyframes, act sensors and reset. Migration: kp/ki/kd map to kp/ki/kv, plugin imax is in force units (divide by ki), slewmax carries over; the single ctrl becomes input="pos".

PiperOrigin-RevId: 957588898
Change-Id: Id2786836ca6e76f58e5b5cc8323fc23be0a53784
2026-08-01 04:28:43 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 7bc1aa9b05 Add Filament lighting and shadow features and fixes.
- Add a hidden directional light to Filament scenes with no lights to work around soft shadow blackout bug.
- Respect quality/shadowsize as default shadow map resolution.
- Interpret light/bulbradius in correct units for each shadow type and update XML reference docs.
- Support updating the shadow map resolution of live Filament lights.
- Clamp light intensities to non-negative values in the Filament debug panel.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 957305808
Change-Id: Ic7a3430aaa3b117be7fbb7ace836d68e54cdf65a
2026-07-31 13:28:01 -07:00
Copybara-Service de26b05861 Merge pull request #3439 from smallquail:flex-metric-blocks
PiperOrigin-RevId: 957063540
Change-Id: I86e7b2ec92c7b2acd1f1f7140e3b8a7578c48dbf
2026-07-31 08:07:22 -07:00
Haroon Qureshi 8b78378868 Add mjv_camera2GLCamera to mujoco.h.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 956698065
Change-Id: I36856d7142bb5e798c5a90c19609288ddd7c4aac
2026-07-30 13:16:37 -07:00
Taylor Howell 82471cbdfb MuJoCo Warp documentation: Large scenes initialize trees asleep
![docs](https://screenshot-v2.corp.google.com/image/222i7rtheo5eg.png)

PiperOrigin-RevId: 956462670
Change-Id: I0c6f211126e5d86bfacebff49591c17cb503b062
2026-07-30 05:34:13 -07:00
Taylor Howell 6a7a723093 MuJoCo Warp documentation: Per-world assets
PiperOrigin-RevId: 956399999
Change-Id: I8d951e5e52e16442325c66cc33ac693bf68939e3
2026-07-30 03:00:29 -07:00
Alessio 55d13aec5f Replace the flex metric factorization with a block preconditioner
Every step, the flex block of the implicit effective metric M + K was
factorized by sparse Cholesky, because K depends on the configuration. On
model/flex/bag.xml, added here, that is roughly half the step, against a
comparable share for the constraint solve it exists to accelerate.

Keep only the metric's per-vertex 3x3 diagonal blocks, prefactored. Neither
consumer needs the exact inverse: the CG constraint solver only wants a
preconditioner, and qacc_smooth can come from an iterative solve using those
blocks. They are O(n) to build and to apply, but weaker, so CG runs about twice
the iterations and qacc_smooth becomes an iteration rather than a direct solve.
Net, the bag model steps roughly twice as fast.

The preconditioner, by metric state. Inactive, meaning no flex elasticity or an
explicit integrator: M^-1, unchanged. Bending only (nefmK == 0): M^-1 plus the
exact constant bending factor from mj_setConst on the dofs it covers,
unchanged; that factor is built at model compile time and costs nothing per
step. Per-step stiffness: M^-1 plus the 3x3 blocks, where before it was a
per-step sparse Cholesky, or, when M couples across the flex block, an inner
PCG of up to 50 iterations run once per outer CG iteration.

Only models carrying per-step stretch stiffness change in wall-clock. Both
ponchos hold their timing and take slightly fewer CG iterations than before,
because the preconditioner is now symmetric: it applies M^-1 and the covered
blocks to disjoint sets of dofs, where previously the two overlapped and the
operator was not symmetric, which PCG requires.

mjd_effSolve is the accurate solve of (M + K)x = b; what used to carry that
name only preconditions and is now mjd_effPrec. Its CG guarded the division by
pAp with mjMINVAL, an absolute floor on a quantity that scales with the square
of the right-hand side, so a small b aborted the solve while the curvature was
healthy: four flex models were quietly left short of tolerance. For an SPD
metric the guard is positivity, and with that the same solves converge. The qacc_smooth call site in
mj_fwdAcceleration is textually unchanged but now reaches the iterative solve,
which converges on opt.tolerance rather than a hardcoded threshold, floored in
mjUSESINGLE builds where the squared target is unreachable in float. Reaching
the iteration cap names the ill-conditioned flex stiffness and then reports it
through mjWARN_INERTIA, rather than returning an under-converged result.
Covered dofs are located by walking the covered rows of the stiffness matrix,
as they need not be 3-aligned from dof 0: any joint declared before a flexcomp
shifts them.

mjData.efm_L_rownnz, efm_L_rowadr and efm_L_colind described the sparsity of
the deleted factorization and are removed: left NULL with nonzero mjxmacro
extents they made the Python bindings hand back uninitialized arrays.
efm_active loses the value 2 for the same reason, nothing selects a solve path
on preconditioner exactness any more. Both are recorded under breaking changes.

model/flex/bag.xml is added because no shipped model carried per-step stretch
stiffness. The ponchos are bending-only and trampoline.xml uses an explicit
integrator, so the metric never activates there. It is excluded from
WriteReadCompareTest: stretch stiffness amplifies rest geometry that XML rounds
on save.
2026-07-29 14:36:15 +01:00
Michael Moss 1db801460b Update MuJoCo version to 3.11.1 following the 3.11.0 release
PiperOrigin-RevId: 954833728
Change-Id: I1c006cdd72072c6821d7b3c28d8ac320de19b8c5
2026-07-27 14:35:26 -07:00
Michael Moss b85fdca54f Update changelog for the 3.11.0 release.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 954795939
Change-Id: I357468dd9072a5d1bab5af2529039e4924db12ed
2026-07-27 13:22:37 -07:00
Yuval Tassa c7b6e0b8dd Fix the array size of biasprm in mjsActuator specification.
Note mjNBIAS == mjNGAIN, this change is a no-op.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 954712145
Change-Id: I096246e5d060596c4025ea4c23e8e9e887c8cd50
2026-07-27 10:45:29 -07:00
Sam Haves 1a5af23558 Add <stem>/model.xml search path to mjz_decoder.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 952128127
Change-Id: I8a514297d84026a6028b2416e43df9b5a2a92bbb
2026-07-22 08:11:56 -07:00
Haroon Qureshi ba9a65031b Allow mesh data to be reuploaded without having to recreate the mesh.
Splits mjrfMeshData into config+data parts.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 952042545
Change-Id: I19a572a0f591fa0d33bbc2c32b974efc075310f4
2026-07-22 04:56:30 -07:00
Yuval Tassa a7e6114ed7 improve aspect ratios in embedded videos
PiperOrigin-RevId: 951714570
Change-Id: I71b3705d9bb7bceca7f9f7d69344acb4f8f91239
2026-07-21 14:57:26 -07:00
Sam Haves 1f1bfa9e4e Documentation pass for model editing, model encoding, and mjz.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 951665744
Change-Id: I1dfe3b40f451cca686431c263815039a9c38efc8
2026-07-21 13:27:00 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 8ccd2b6db5 Update changelog regarding Python free threading support.
Also fix #3231

PiperOrigin-RevId: 951614688
Change-Id: I7d2e6238c1d593efe289e0a9b72717b8dd9e42d0
2026-07-21 11:49:35 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 072e963fa0 Add SO3 transmission and native orientation actuator.
https://youtu.be/17XpwnqyCXs

New transmission type mjTRN_SO3: a relative orientation, targeting a ball
joint or a site+refsite pair. It is the first transmission with more than
one force output: its length is the norm of the expmap vector of the
relative rotation and its moment axes are the 3 rows of the
relative rotational Jacobian, without projecting onto per-actuator gears.

New force law mjGAIN_SO3/mjBIAS_SO3: a geodesic PD servo, force =
kp * log(q_current^-1 * q_target) - kv * velocity, exact for arbitrary axis
combinations with a unique equilibrium at every commanded orientation.
Error, moment rows and velocity all live in the child frame (joint or
site): the right-difference error is the gradient of the geodesic
potential in that frame. The parent-frame (left) error is not: driving
child-frame torques with it pumps energy at large angles, settling into
steady-spinning limit cycles (the SO3LargeAngleConvergence test). The
integrator variant stores the 3D orientation setpoint in act (actnum = 3,
re-anchored to a bounded representative at integration time). Exposed in
MJCF as <orientation joint=|site=+refsite= kp kv|dampratio>, or via
<general gaintype="so3" biastype="so3">.

The setpoint input has two charts: an expmap target (3 controls, default)
or a quaternion target (4 controls) -- <orientation input="quat">, the
first actuator with different input and output widths. The signature is
recorded in a new per-actuator field actuator_ctrlspec (mjtCtrlChart),
whose meaning is scoped by the gain type the way gain/bias parameters are;
ctrlnum is derived from it at compile time and remains the layout
authority. An explicit field rather than width inference or a prm slot:
width-as-chart cannot express same-width signatures (upcoming servo input
subsets), and prm slots are the input_mode pattern this stack retires.
The force law normalizes the commanded quaternion, making it scale- and
antipodally-invariant. The all-zero ctrl still maps to the identity via
mju_normalize4, but it is a degenerate point (a nudge of any component
commands a half-turn), so quat inputs reset to the identity quaternion:
new mj_resetCtrl sets neutral ctrl values (zero, except qw = 1), called
by mj_resetData and the viewers' Clear All. The quat chart is
restricted to dyntype 'none': integrating a quaternion setpoint linearly
is not meaningful on the manifold. New mjsActuator.ctrlspec field carries
the signature through the spec and XML round-trip.

Actuator sensors (actuatorpos/vel/frc) now report one value per force
output; dim = 3 on an SO3 actuator.

As the first actuator with nu != nactuator, this commit also makes the
viewers multi-input aware: the control sliders in simulate and studio,
which indexed per-actuator arrays by control index (out of bounds on
this model class), are generated per control and labeled with the
actuator name plus an input suffix ("orient/qw"), via the new
introspection helper mj_actuatorInputName -- the single source of truth
for input names, extended by each new multi-input type (quaternion
components are w-first: qw, qx, qy, qz). Slider ranges now honor a
defined ctrlrange even when ctrllimited is false: range is the UI hint,
limited is the clamp -- wrapped and expmap setpoints are unbounded but
still want finite sliders, while quat components are truly bounded.

The rotational demo model is orientation.xml under
test/engine/testdata/actuation/, upgraded to a three-way contrast:
per-axis wrapped servos vs an expmap-commanded vs a quat-commanded
orientation actuator, on identical checker-textured boxes. It is loaded
by the mixed-axis contrast and input-name tests, and doubles as the
viewer test model (slider groups of 3 independent, 3 grouped, 4 grouped).

PiperOrigin-RevId: 951607063
Change-Id: If235dba8e2f2ca72672e7c62531a27e967c6a373
2026-07-21 11:36:13 -07:00
Copybara-Service a1f38c8e6e Merge pull request #3396 from teerthsharma:topo/linear-island-scratch
PiperOrigin-RevId: 951110709
Change-Id: I0c9c96365a5667172c1d676026ab797b7f8e8137
2026-07-20 16:16:35 -07:00
teerthsharma 57faf5f63a Credit linear-memory island discovery
Signed-off-by: teerthsharma <teerths57@gmail.com>
2026-07-20 22:27:43 +05:30
Yuval Tassa a264d0bc8b Add geom adhesion: contacts that pull, via translated friction cones.
https://youtu.be/GioWwB36XHI

The new geom attribute adhesion (units of force, signed; pair-level
override) translates the contact friction cone along its normal so
that the force origin lies strictly inside it. Consequences: each
contact can pull with up to the given force before breaking, and the
tangential friction budget becomes mu*(f_N + adhesion) -- the
Mohr-Coulomb yield condition with cohesion c = mu*adhesion -- so
lightly-squeezed grasps retain a guaranteed friction floor.

A translated cone factors exactly into {constant attractive force}
+ {original cone}, so no solver kernels change. The implementation is
this factorization: a constant attraction along contact normals
accumulated into the new mjData.qfrc_adhesion (summed into
qfrc_passive), plus a bias of adhesive contact rows' reference
acceleration (aref += R*adhesion), which makes resting penetration
exactly independent of adhesion. Contacts of adhesive pairs remain
active throughout the gap zone, producing rows with positive violation
whose reference acceleration pulls: a tether that resists pull-off
smoothly, captures objects released within the band into steady
contact, and detaches at the specified force. Adhesion values of the
two geoms combine by sum; explicit pairs override.

mj_contactForce reports the net interface force (cone force minus the
adhesive pull), whose normal component can now be negative. Negative
adhesion is allowed and produces a repulsive offset (air hockey).

PiperOrigin-RevId: 950858148
Change-Id: I879c08eba7ae501e5c0f8c2f807167344da4c2bc
2026-07-20 08:35:45 -07:00
Michael Moss b942c9f922 Update MuJoCo version to 3.11.0 in preparation for breaking changes release.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 950824721
Change-Id: Icc06b10ea69f5dd84e100eb75233f1598c2cbf88
2026-07-20 07:26:25 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 1a33ca4ae5 Release docs auto-generation scripts and test
PiperOrigin-RevId: 950744854
Change-Id: Ibcd9d6bd3e6ec50d5d6753b8c9516f7d31f19e5b
2026-07-20 04:12:10 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 9bf03e6056 improve wording in changelog
PiperOrigin-RevId: 949807312
Change-Id: I9de37cfd61f6e0eb67b0b18101d69d7abd66b7ca
2026-07-17 16:07:59 -07:00
Yuval Tassa a04b0c5b97 Add boolean flags for gravity compensation and surface velocity in mjModel.
These fields (`flg_gravcomp` and `flg_surfacevel`) replace the fast-path checks originally guarded by `ngravcomp` and (recently) `nsurfacevel`. Since the engine uses these integers only as flags (zero vs non-zero), migrating them to actual booleans makes them writeable from the Python bindings at runtime without violating size/dimension constraints.

The legacy integer field `ngravcomp` is marked as deprecated and will be removed in a future release.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 949779204
Change-Id: Ifab1f026063a4239302e6ad689663b611b59dda8
2026-07-17 15:05:26 -07:00
Sam Haves ebd4abae03 Add model.xml fallback search path to mjz decoder
PiperOrigin-RevId: 949690037
Change-Id: I93978c1f9ded12c69ffe321fe1f85721db32f555
2026-07-17 12:02:33 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 56a93979e0 Interpret position and intvelocity setpoints on 3D rotational transmissions (ball joints, site+refsite) on the circle. The force uses the setpoint representative nearest the current length for smooth tracking beyond pi.
- Wrapping in force path is local; act is re-anchored at integration time.
- Remove hardcoded `actrange` for intvelocity actuators.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 949566477
Change-Id: I349fdf17eedfbb2174d698cc1a6a91d52810b4a3
2026-07-17 07:49:30 -07:00
Copybara-Service b75470a1e0 Merge pull request #3387 from bd-pmorais:pmorais/renderer-live-mat-texid
PiperOrigin-RevId: 949427127
Change-Id: I607af41aefdefd6d22602889e6982d64df8b380b
2026-07-17 01:23:40 -07:00
Alessio Quaglino cadf3bdedd Add changelog entry for effective metric flex elasticity.
Add a changelog entry documenting that flex elasticity (stretch, bending,
interpolation stiffness) is now integrated implicitly inside the CG
constraint solver via an effective metric, replacing the previous post-hoc
CG correction.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 948963146
Change-Id: Id9c2a2920aabd0776f630b2f3a1ab30a214d9bf2
2026-07-16 07:34:50 -07:00
Yuval Tassa f841b67c17 Fix some changelog links
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948651115
Change-Id: Ibc915ddc71d884cee9f89eaa5dcaf498a833c57a
2026-07-15 18:05:59 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 4787c8094c Add geom surfacevel: zero-dof conveyors, treadmills and turntables.
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdSdrqhSiZA

The new geom attribute surfacevel (6 numbers: linear and angular velocity in the geom's local frame, angular about the geom frame origin) specifies the velocity of the geom's surface material relative to the geom frame. The relative surface velocity of the two geoms is added to the tangential contact rows of efc_vel in mj_referenceConstraint, so friction drives touching bodies toward the motion of the surface: objects on a conveyor are transported at belt speed, turntables impart omega x r with torsional spin-up for condim >= 4, and surface velocities compose with each other and with body motion. The component along the contact normal is projected out: probe experiments showed that velocity-space emission chatters mass-independently and ingestion merely deepens penetration; normal-direction effects belong to force-space features.

surfacevel is interpreted in the geom frame as authored: for mesh geoms, whose compiled frame absorbs the mesh centering and principal-axes transform, the compiler re-expresses the authored value in the compiled frame.

No special interaction with sleeping: objects being transported do not fall asleep because they are moving; objects at rest on an active surface may sleep like any other resting object.

Includes showcase models (model/surfacevel/): a luggage carousel whose ring is a spinning square-profile supertorus fed by a cascade of belts with matched spinning end rollers, bags dropping in and circulating indefinitely; and a treadmill with a passive humanoid.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 948647785
Change-Id: I0c6559a91cc7ece1237eb8ac2e51986e7342d962
2026-07-15 17:58:17 -07:00
Copybara-Service 97eb1e5d0c Merge pull request #3403 from rkothari3:docs-simulate-shortcuts
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948571230
Change-Id: Ibbd151e9f2143c3e41cda1b6ee4873f088595084
2026-07-15 15:14:29 -07:00
Alessio Quaglino ea230a950c Implicit flex elasticity in the CG constraint solver via an effective metric
This CL replaces the post-hoc implicit flex correction (`flexInterp_cgsolve`) with a **linearly-implicit effective metric** `M̃ = M + (h² + h·damping)·K` carried by the CG constraint solver itself. Contact/friction forces and implicit flex elasticity are now computed against one consistent metric, instead of the solver seeing `M` and a post-solve correction changing `qacc` behind its back.

Gate (unchanged semantics): `solver="CG"` + implicit/implicitfast integrator + pyramidal cones + flex stiffness present. Newton and PGS are untouched. `solver="CG"` remains the user-facing contract — the factorization is an implementation detail of the preconditioner.

### What's in the metric

- **mjData `efm_*`** (arena, efc-like lifetime/skip semantics; built in `mj_fwdPosition`, value-refreshed in `mj_fwdVelocity`): the per-step stiffness CSR `efm_B_*`, its reverse-Cholesky factor `efm_dofid` + `efm_L_*` (nested-dissection ordered, separators-first for the reverse factorization), and the smooth-force shift `efm_c = h·K·qvel`.
- **`mjd_flexStiff_assemble`** now assembles stretch (Gauss–Newton), standard dim-2 bending, and — via the cached corotated stiffness `d->flexelem_krot` — interp stiffness (all node bodies on simple sliders: point Jacobian is I₃, `flex_centered` not required; fixed nodes drop like pins) into one dof-level CSR. `mjd_effMulAdd`/`mjd_effSolve` apply the metric, with matrix-free operator fallbacks where assembly does not apply.
- **mjModel `efm0_*`** (`nefm0dof`/`nefm0L`): the constant part of the metric factor — currently the dim-2 bending factor, computed once in `mj_setConst` — so bending-only models pay zero per-step factorization cost. Naming mirrors mjData's `efm_*` with the standard `0`-suffix (reference/constant) idiom, and is deliberately not bending-specific: future constant contributors extend it without renames.
- The solver consumes the metric through pre-shifted `qfrc_smooth` and the metric products `Ma`/`Mv`/`Mgrad`; `qacc_smooth` becomes the unconstrained minimizer of the implicit dynamics, which makes the no-constraint shortcut and the warmstart choice consistent by construction.
- **`mj_inverse` adds `B·qacc − c`**, making inverse dynamics discrete-consistent with the gated forward dynamics — exact, since the gated path has no qDeriv term (new test `ForwardTest.GatedFlexInverseConsistency`).

### Performance

All numbers: ms/step over the same 2000-step window, models as shipped on each side (old code with the old model settings vs this CL with the new ones).

The new solver path activates on exactly two shipped models — the ponchos, the only flex models that need an implicit integrator (poncho on Euler degenerates to >200 ms/step). For them, this CL trades speed for consistency: the implicit bending solve now runs inside every solver iteration, where the contact solve can see the stiffness, instead of once after the solve. Solver iterations drop because the curvature is visible, but each iteration pays for the implicit solve:

| model | before | after | solver iters/step |
|---|---|---|---|
| poncho | 2.47 | 3.30 (1.33×) | 16.8 → 11.8 |
| poncho_edgeequality | 1.96 | 2.72 (1.39×) | 13.2 → 10.0 |

What that price buys: contact forces consistent with the implicit elasticity (previously the post-hoc correction changed `qacc` after the constraint solve), discrete-consistent inverse dynamics, and the removal of the post-hoc special case from the integration path. Raising poncho's timestep from 2 to 5 ms leaves its per-step cost nearly flat, so the consistency price can be recovered by taking fewer steps where accuracy allows.

Every other flex model was measured stable on Euler at its shipped timestep and switches to it (these models predate the post-hoc integrator; implicit was never load-bearing for them). They end up equal or faster than before: bunny_multicell 0.47 → 0.40, trampoline 0.28 → 0.25, plate 1.02 → 0.99, pancake 0.34 → 0.33.

Finally, the per-step factorization makes configurations practical that the old code could only integrate explicitly: implicit stretch elasticity (`elastic2d="stretch"`/`"both"`, dim-3 solids) and factorized interp stiffness. No before/after exists for these — stock has no implicit treatment of stretch at all.

### Behavior changes

- With the post-hoc correction deleted, interp/bending models running `solver="Newton"` (or elliptic cones, or islands) now integrate flex elasticity **explicitly** (previously: post-hoc implicit). Affects e.g. `gripper_trilinear` (stable, and faster, but different semantics). Follow-up options: Newton-side metric support, or a documented fallback.
- With the gate on, `mj_forward` outputs are timestep-dependent for gated models (they answer the linearly-implicit discrete problem); `qacc_smooth` and `mj_inverse` change accordingly. Non-gated models are bit-identical (full suite green throughout).

### Validation

- 1737/1737 tests, including new: `FlexStretchDerivatives` (FD-validated GN operator), `FlexStiffAssemble`/`FlexStiffAssembleInterp` (CSR ≡ operators), `GatedFlexInverseConsistency` (fails pre-change), equivalence tests vs the old post-hoc treatment (bending matches to 2e-11).
- Fingerprint discipline throughout: bending-only models bit-exact across every refactor; permutation/kernel changes verified iteration-identical.

### Known follow-ups (not in this CL)

3×3-block sparse Cholesky kernel (the numeric factorization is index-bound; projected ~3× on the factor); mjModel persistence of the factor's symbolic pattern (rest-pose ND makes sizes compile-time); the general effective-metric mode (all solvers, all PSD-safe force classes, behind an enable flag).

PiperOrigin-RevId: 948561856
Change-Id: I8b8e32ebd0428042af71647d0470d10773bf6daf
2026-07-15 14:57:42 -07:00
Yuval Tassa f0fa3d8260 Remove midpoint integration, superseded by free-body gyroscopic derivatives.
The gyroscopic (bias) derivatives applied to standalone free bodies by the
implicitfast integrator provide comparable stability for spinning bodies,
with none of midpoint's restrictions: they apply under contacts, fluid
forces and constraints, and preserve the linear force-velocity relation
required by discrete-time inverse dynamics. The invdiscrete flag reverts to
its original single meaning and no longer affects forward dynamics.

Restore implicitfast coverage in the DiscreteInverseMatch test, removed
when midpoint made discrete inverse dynamics untestable.

Add implicit gyroscopic (bias) derivatives for free bodies in implicitfast.

The implicitfast integrator drops the RNE (bias) derivative to stay on the
symmetric Cholesky path, so fast-spinning free bodies integrate gyroscopic
forces explicitly and can gain energy. Symmetrizing the gyroscopic Jacobian
is not an option: its stabilizing content is the antisymmetric part, and
adding only the symmetric part is destabilizing.

Instead, exploit the fact that for a standalone free body the 6x6 block of
M - h*D is decoupled from the rest of the system (qDeriv sparsity is
tree-local): after the global solve, rebuild the block with the exact bias
derivative in closed form (mjd_freeBias_vel) and re-solve it with dense
unsymmetric LU, overwriting the block's rows of qacc. For lone spinning
bodies this makes implicitfast match implicit to rounding, at ~150ns per
eligible body: cheaper than the midpoint machinery it will replace.
Eligibility is structural only; contacts, fluid and constraints need no
gating. The same block is mirrored in discrete inverse dynamics
(mj_discreteAcc), making invdiscrete exact for spinning free bodies.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 948472495
Change-Id: I813ef3d98c7b399881bc8603b9f9208cfb02eb58
2026-07-15 12:07:44 -07:00
Pedro Morais 0a6b631d4b Make change non-breaking per haroonq's feedback 2026-07-15 11:53:22 -04:00
Yuval Tassa d507e92198 Preparation for MIMO actuators: split actuator counts: nu (inputs), nactuator (objects), nout (outputs).
An actuator now owns a block of consecutive controls
(actuator_ctrladr/ctrlnum, width defined by the actuator type) and a block
of consecutive force outputs (actuator_outadr/outnum, width defined by the
transmission type). Force outputs are the scalars of actuation space: one
force, length, velocity and moment row each. nout = dim(actuator_force) is
derived from transmission types; all current types have width 1, so all
three counts coincide for every existing model and behavior is bit-exact.

Array re-keying: ctrlrange/ctrllimited by nu; forcerange/forcelimited/gear/
acc0/length0/lengthrange and the moment row structure by nout; everything
else per actuator. The mjModel actuator block is re-sorted by size key.

Layout-breaking, not behavior-breaking: saved .mjb files are invalidated
(size list changed) and recompilation is required.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 948351772
Change-Id: Icbc196ffa083cb1eaa6f1a3710869c89d8f62540
2026-07-15 08:30:20 -07:00
Haroon Qureshi 52317058ba Add pan/tilt motions to mjv_moveCamera.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948308546
Change-Id: I2724b889759e652ed50d03bf97f3c7125cd0eb56
2026-07-15 06:50:15 -07:00
Haroon Qureshi 1e85ce176f Migrate filament header documentation to docs.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948294877
Change-Id: I6e110bbdc4d2e329a243f1b96d560698174de26b
2026-07-15 06:14:40 -07:00
Yuval Tassa b60609d2a1 Add links to numbered changelog entries.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948257078
Change-Id: I7c9747debade178a94020cdf43ad1c3613a5c29a
2026-07-15 04:34:44 -07:00
Yuval Tassa 64d4b3bdb2 Fix changlelog item numbering
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948228547
Change-Id: I26eebaa4c8f4c0f30718b6e4391cf990a85bc30f
2026-07-15 03:25:32 -07:00
Haroon Qureshi fa36015bae Remove unneeded mjvScene argument from mjv_moveCamera.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948204736
Change-Id: Ic9b116ce439b3153764af67c449a824aec1994dc
2026-07-15 02:26:04 -07:00
Copybara-Service 6c78c8664e Merge pull request #3340 from devshahofficial:devshahofficial/mjr-renderer-info
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948183711
Change-Id: I28b256eca22e86ec0ba05a4fa26458d678aca130
2026-07-15 01:37:11 -07:00
Yuval Tassa c69ef03083 Add zero-iteration early exit to the primal solvers, certified by the duality gap.
The primal cost has curvature of at least M in every zone, making it strongly
convex in the M-norm and bounding the suboptimality of any point by the
Fenchel duality gap at its constraint forces:

  cost(qacc) - cost* <= 0.5*grad'*M^-1*grad

Since M's factorization always exists, this certificate is evaluable before
the solver does any work: one triangular solve and one dot product. When the
warmstarted solution is already certified to satisfy the tolerance, CG and
Newton now return with zero iterations; for Newton this skips building and
factorizing the Hessian. If the certificate declines, Newton gets a second
exit after factorization: the Newton decrement, checked before the first
line search.

Because the gap bounds cost suboptimality, stiff constraints can convert it
into force errors of order sqrt(2*gap*stiffness). Newton solutions are
characteristically force-accurate, so Newton zero-iteration exits also
require the gradient criterion, preserving constraint-force accuracy at
rest; CG solutions are characteristically cost-accurate and exit on the gap
alone.

On a settling pile of 50 boxes (300 dofs, ~200 contacts), end-to-end time
per step drops 13% over a settle-then-rest run and 27% in the quiescent
limit, with Newton iterations falling from 0.98 to 0.40 per step.

Tests: WarmstartZeroIterations sweeps solver/cone/jacobian on a settled box,
asserting zero iterations, forward/inverse consistency, and agreement with a
tolerance=0 control solve from the same state. WarmstartZeroIterationsIslands
checks per-island exits with a kicked box next to a settled one.
RefsiteConservesMomentum now requests an exact solve (tolerance=0), since it
asserts momentum conservation tighter than the solver tolerance contract.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 947993735
Change-Id: I2fd855774bff619709b2c386f1ba2714286e0821
2026-07-14 17:24:08 -07:00
rkothari3 2fe87a4833 docs: add full keyboard and mouse shortcut reference for simulate
The F1 overlay lists only the most common commands, and there was no
complete shortcut list anywhere in the docs. Add one to the simulate
section, derived from the shortcut declarations in simulate.cc,
simulate.h, mjVISSTRING and mjRNDSTRING.

Fixes #3306
2026-07-14 14:01:25 -04:00
Yuval Tassa 1e66efd114 Add the Newton decrement as a termination criterion of the Newton solver.
After an accepted line-search step, the solver has already rebuilt the gradient
and Hessian and solved for the next search direction, so the Newton decrement
0.5*g'*H^-1*g -- the quadratic model's predicted cost improvement of the next
iteration -- costs one dot product. Terminating when it falls below tolerance
avoids running one more iteration only to observe a correspondingly small
actual improvement.

This is a C port of Alain's proposal in MJWarp:
https://github.com/google-deepmind/mujoco_warp/pull/1520

PiperOrigin-RevId: 947768034
Change-Id: I94e5c71a4e2b4a7775611edd1dad254bba2633b4
2026-07-14 10:30:18 -07:00
Kyle Bayes 2444defc63 Support arbitrary large meshes in multiccd by reusing EPA memory.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 947709621
Change-Id: Idc4f168434b9d0a8555c0bed989adb0e99770a78
2026-07-14 08:48:25 -07:00
Yuval Tassa dddb2767c6 Include gap in body_margin, fixing mid-phase pruning of in-gap contacts.
The mid-phase BVH descent filter prunes body pairs using body_margin,
which was compiled as the max over geom margins, excluding gap. Broadphase
and the leaf-level test both use margin+gap, so any multi-geom body relying
on gap could silently lose its in-gap contacts when raw AABBs don't
overlap. Single-geom bodies take the leaf-leaf path and were unaffected.

PiperOrigin-RevId: 946967548
Change-Id: I6d92baa296f1a83be68b4dbfd64a96d1c7efd3c4
2026-07-13 05:04:55 -07:00
Yuval Tassa f5f9d9efb7 Fix bug in mesh normal scaling for nonuniform mesh scales.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 946937791
Change-Id: I1b8a0ad4d573842ef9f76572dea25668dd319b52
2026-07-13 03:57:00 -07:00
Yuval Tassa e6452e2c88 Rename testspeed argument npoolthread to nenginethread.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 945698744
Change-Id: Ida6d5ab24c88441fb05c778e8507d6369eb74f1c
2026-07-10 07:19:21 -07:00