https://youtu.be/17XpwnqyCXs
New transmission type mjTRN_SO3: a relative orientation, targeting a ball
joint or a site+refsite pair. It is the first transmission with more than
one force output: its length is the norm of the expmap vector of the
relative rotation and its moment axes are the 3 rows of the
relative rotational Jacobian, without projecting onto per-actuator gears.
New force law mjGAIN_SO3/mjBIAS_SO3: a geodesic PD servo, force =
kp * log(q_current^-1 * q_target) - kv * velocity, exact for arbitrary axis
combinations with a unique equilibrium at every commanded orientation.
Error, moment rows and velocity all live in the child frame (joint or
site): the right-difference error is the gradient of the geodesic
potential in that frame. The parent-frame (left) error is not: driving
child-frame torques with it pumps energy at large angles, settling into
steady-spinning limit cycles (the SO3LargeAngleConvergence test). The
integrator variant stores the 3D orientation setpoint in act (actnum = 3,
re-anchored to a bounded representative at integration time). Exposed in
MJCF as <orientation joint=|site=+refsite= kp kv|dampratio>, or via
<general gaintype="so3" biastype="so3">.
The setpoint input has two charts: an expmap target (3 controls, default)
or a quaternion target (4 controls) -- <orientation input="quat">, the
first actuator with different input and output widths. The signature is
recorded in a new per-actuator field actuator_ctrlspec (mjtCtrlChart),
whose meaning is scoped by the gain type the way gain/bias parameters are;
ctrlnum is derived from it at compile time and remains the layout
authority. An explicit field rather than width inference or a prm slot:
width-as-chart cannot express same-width signatures (upcoming servo input
subsets), and prm slots are the input_mode pattern this stack retires.
The force law normalizes the commanded quaternion, making it scale- and
antipodally-invariant. The all-zero ctrl still maps to the identity via
mju_normalize4, but it is a degenerate point (a nudge of any component
commands a half-turn), so quat inputs reset to the identity quaternion:
new mj_resetCtrl sets neutral ctrl values (zero, except qw = 1), called
by mj_resetData and the viewers' Clear All. The quat chart is
restricted to dyntype 'none': integrating a quaternion setpoint linearly
is not meaningful on the manifold. New mjsActuator.ctrlspec field carries
the signature through the spec and XML round-trip.
Actuator sensors (actuatorpos/vel/frc) now report one value per force
output; dim = 3 on an SO3 actuator.
As the first actuator with nu != nactuator, this commit also makes the
viewers multi-input aware: the control sliders in simulate and studio,
which indexed per-actuator arrays by control index (out of bounds on
this model class), are generated per control and labeled with the
actuator name plus an input suffix ("orient/qw"), via the new
introspection helper mj_actuatorInputName -- the single source of truth
for input names, extended by each new multi-input type (quaternion
components are w-first: qw, qx, qy, qz). Slider ranges now honor a
defined ctrlrange even when ctrllimited is false: range is the UI hint,
limited is the clamp -- wrapped and expmap setpoints are unbounded but
still want finite sliders, while quat components are truly bounded.
The rotational demo model is orientation.xml under
test/engine/testdata/actuation/, upgraded to a three-way contrast:
per-axis wrapped servos vs an expmap-commanded vs a quat-commanded
orientation actuator, on identical checker-textured boxes. It is loaded
by the mixed-axis contrast and input-name tests, and doubles as the
viewer test model (slider groups of 3 independent, 3 grouped, 4 grouped).
PiperOrigin-RevId: 951607063
Change-Id: If235dba8e2f2ca72672e7c62531a27e967c6a373
https://youtu.be/GioWwB36XHI
The new geom attribute adhesion (units of force, signed; pair-level
override) translates the contact friction cone along its normal so
that the force origin lies strictly inside it. Consequences: each
contact can pull with up to the given force before breaking, and the
tangential friction budget becomes mu*(f_N + adhesion) -- the
Mohr-Coulomb yield condition with cohesion c = mu*adhesion -- so
lightly-squeezed grasps retain a guaranteed friction floor.
A translated cone factors exactly into {constant attractive force}
+ {original cone}, so no solver kernels change. The implementation is
this factorization: a constant attraction along contact normals
accumulated into the new mjData.qfrc_adhesion (summed into
qfrc_passive), plus a bias of adhesive contact rows' reference
acceleration (aref += R*adhesion), which makes resting penetration
exactly independent of adhesion. Contacts of adhesive pairs remain
active throughout the gap zone, producing rows with positive violation
whose reference acceleration pulls: a tether that resists pull-off
smoothly, captures objects released within the band into steady
contact, and detaches at the specified force. Adhesion values of the
two geoms combine by sum; explicit pairs override.
mj_contactForce reports the net interface force (cone force minus the
adhesive pull), whose normal component can now be negative. Negative
adhesion is allowed and produces a repulsive offset (air hockey).
PiperOrigin-RevId: 950858148
Change-Id: I879c08eba7ae501e5c0f8c2f807167344da4c2bc
These fields (`flg_gravcomp` and `flg_surfacevel`) replace the fast-path checks originally guarded by `ngravcomp` and (recently) `nsurfacevel`. Since the engine uses these integers only as flags (zero vs non-zero), migrating them to actual booleans makes them writeable from the Python bindings at runtime without violating size/dimension constraints.
The legacy integer field `ngravcomp` is marked as deprecated and will be removed in a future release.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 949779204
Change-Id: Ifab1f026063a4239302e6ad689663b611b59dda8
- Wrapping in force path is local; act is re-anchored at integration time.
- Remove hardcoded `actrange` for intvelocity actuators.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 949566477
Change-Id: I349fdf17eedfbb2174d698cc1a6a91d52810b4a3
Add a changelog entry documenting that flex elasticity (stretch, bending,
interpolation stiffness) is now integrated implicitly inside the CG
constraint solver via an effective metric, replacing the previous post-hoc
CG correction.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948963146
Change-Id: Id9c2a2920aabd0776f630b2f3a1ab30a214d9bf2
https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=PdSdrqhSiZA
The new geom attribute surfacevel (6 numbers: linear and angular velocity in the geom's local frame, angular about the geom frame origin) specifies the velocity of the geom's surface material relative to the geom frame. The relative surface velocity of the two geoms is added to the tangential contact rows of efc_vel in mj_referenceConstraint, so friction drives touching bodies toward the motion of the surface: objects on a conveyor are transported at belt speed, turntables impart omega x r with torsional spin-up for condim >= 4, and surface velocities compose with each other and with body motion. The component along the contact normal is projected out: probe experiments showed that velocity-space emission chatters mass-independently and ingestion merely deepens penetration; normal-direction effects belong to force-space features.
surfacevel is interpreted in the geom frame as authored: for mesh geoms, whose compiled frame absorbs the mesh centering and principal-axes transform, the compiler re-expresses the authored value in the compiled frame.
No special interaction with sleeping: objects being transported do not fall asleep because they are moving; objects at rest on an active surface may sleep like any other resting object.
Includes showcase models (model/surfacevel/): a luggage carousel whose ring is a spinning square-profile supertorus fed by a cascade of belts with matched spinning end rollers, bags dropping in and circulating indefinitely; and a treadmill with a passive humanoid.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948647785
Change-Id: I0c6559a91cc7ece1237eb8ac2e51986e7342d962
The gyroscopic (bias) derivatives applied to standalone free bodies by the
implicitfast integrator provide comparable stability for spinning bodies,
with none of midpoint's restrictions: they apply under contacts, fluid
forces and constraints, and preserve the linear force-velocity relation
required by discrete-time inverse dynamics. The invdiscrete flag reverts to
its original single meaning and no longer affects forward dynamics.
Restore implicitfast coverage in the DiscreteInverseMatch test, removed
when midpoint made discrete inverse dynamics untestable.
Add implicit gyroscopic (bias) derivatives for free bodies in implicitfast.
The implicitfast integrator drops the RNE (bias) derivative to stay on the
symmetric Cholesky path, so fast-spinning free bodies integrate gyroscopic
forces explicitly and can gain energy. Symmetrizing the gyroscopic Jacobian
is not an option: its stabilizing content is the antisymmetric part, and
adding only the symmetric part is destabilizing.
Instead, exploit the fact that for a standalone free body the 6x6 block of
M - h*D is decoupled from the rest of the system (qDeriv sparsity is
tree-local): after the global solve, rebuild the block with the exact bias
derivative in closed form (mjd_freeBias_vel) and re-solve it with dense
unsymmetric LU, overwriting the block's rows of qacc. For lone spinning
bodies this makes implicitfast match implicit to rounding, at ~150ns per
eligible body: cheaper than the midpoint machinery it will replace.
Eligibility is structural only; contacts, fluid and constraints need no
gating. The same block is mirrored in discrete inverse dynamics
(mj_discreteAcc), making invdiscrete exact for spinning free bodies.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948472495
Change-Id: I813ef3d98c7b399881bc8603b9f9208cfb02eb58
An actuator now owns a block of consecutive controls
(actuator_ctrladr/ctrlnum, width defined by the actuator type) and a block
of consecutive force outputs (actuator_outadr/outnum, width defined by the
transmission type). Force outputs are the scalars of actuation space: one
force, length, velocity and moment row each. nout = dim(actuator_force) is
derived from transmission types; all current types have width 1, so all
three counts coincide for every existing model and behavior is bit-exact.
Array re-keying: ctrlrange/ctrllimited by nu; forcerange/forcelimited/gear/
acc0/length0/lengthrange and the moment row structure by nout; everything
else per actuator. The mjModel actuator block is re-sorted by size key.
Layout-breaking, not behavior-breaking: saved .mjb files are invalidated
(size list changed) and recompilation is required.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 948351772
Change-Id: Icbc196ffa083cb1eaa6f1a3710869c89d8f62540
The primal cost has curvature of at least M in every zone, making it strongly
convex in the M-norm and bounding the suboptimality of any point by the
Fenchel duality gap at its constraint forces:
cost(qacc) - cost* <= 0.5*grad'*M^-1*grad
Since M's factorization always exists, this certificate is evaluable before
the solver does any work: one triangular solve and one dot product. When the
warmstarted solution is already certified to satisfy the tolerance, CG and
Newton now return with zero iterations; for Newton this skips building and
factorizing the Hessian. If the certificate declines, Newton gets a second
exit after factorization: the Newton decrement, checked before the first
line search.
Because the gap bounds cost suboptimality, stiff constraints can convert it
into force errors of order sqrt(2*gap*stiffness). Newton solutions are
characteristically force-accurate, so Newton zero-iteration exits also
require the gradient criterion, preserving constraint-force accuracy at
rest; CG solutions are characteristically cost-accurate and exit on the gap
alone.
On a settling pile of 50 boxes (300 dofs, ~200 contacts), end-to-end time
per step drops 13% over a settle-then-rest run and 27% in the quiescent
limit, with Newton iterations falling from 0.98 to 0.40 per step.
Tests: WarmstartZeroIterations sweeps solver/cone/jacobian on a settled box,
asserting zero iterations, forward/inverse consistency, and agreement with a
tolerance=0 control solve from the same state. WarmstartZeroIterationsIslands
checks per-island exits with a kicked box next to a settled one.
RefsiteConservesMomentum now requests an exact solve (tolerance=0), since it
asserts momentum conservation tighter than the solver tolerance contract.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 947993735
Change-Id: I2fd855774bff619709b2c386f1ba2714286e0821
After an accepted line-search step, the solver has already rebuilt the gradient
and Hessian and solved for the next search direction, so the Newton decrement
0.5*g'*H^-1*g -- the quadratic model's predicted cost improvement of the next
iteration -- costs one dot product. Terminating when it falls below tolerance
avoids running one more iteration only to observe a correspondingly small
actual improvement.
This is a C port of Alain's proposal in MJWarp:
https://github.com/google-deepmind/mujoco_warp/pull/1520
PiperOrigin-RevId: 947768034
Change-Id: I94e5c71a4e2b4a7775611edd1dad254bba2633b4
The mid-phase BVH descent filter prunes body pairs using body_margin,
which was compiled as the max over geom margins, excluding gap. Broadphase
and the leaf-level test both use margin+gap, so any multi-geom body relying
on gap could silently lose its in-gap contacts when raw AABBs don't
overlap. Single-geom bodies take the leaf-leaf path and were unaffected.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 946967548
Change-Id: I6d92baa296f1a83be68b4dbfd64a96d1c7efd3c4
Extend mjpResourceProvider with an optional write callback (write)
so that mj_encode, mj_saveXML, and mj_saveModel can write to any
registered provider.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 945202741
Change-Id: I37903425260932e555f4a8c2392c4ff8c2e6cc06
The `body_sameframe`, `geom_sameframe`, and `site_sameframe` flags are now recomputed within `mj_setConst` based on the current model geometry. This allows these flags to be updated if the model's body/geom/site frames are modified after the initial compilation. Tests are added to verify the correct recomputation and its effect on forward kinematics. The compiler also checks that its initial computation matches the result of `mj_setConst`.
Fixes#3029, #1628.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 941758649
Change-Id: I7b995f8c67ad305bca5b52732436ba578c905d73
--
6ab68a057443f038a3d844807f205b1c99cab944 by Kevin Zakka <kevinarmandzakka@gmail.com>:
Fix pickle code-execution vulnerability in sysid loaders
Serialize signal_mapping as JSON so the trajectory and time series loaders can use allow_pickle=False, preventing arbitrary code execution from untrusted .npz files.
COPYBARA_INTEGRATE_REVIEW=https://github.com/google-deepmind/mujoco/pull/3353 from kevinzakka:sysid-disable-pickle-load 6ab68a057443f038a3d844807f205b1c99cab944
PiperOrigin-RevId: 935400242
Change-Id: Iecd907174441fbcfd02c106b912a7ff375c9098c
For example when loading parent_merge.xml:
```
WARNING: Attach conflict when attaching 'child' to 'parent_merge', policy is 'merge'
timestep: parent has 0.005, child has 0.002, taking the minimum
iterations: parent has 50, child has 100, taking the maximum
flag 'Damper': added from child
```
When loading parent_error.xml:
```
XML Error: Attach conflict when attaching 'child' to 'parent_error', policy is 'error'
timestep: parent has 0.005, child has 0.002
iterations: parent has 50, child has 100
Element 'attach', line 10
```
PiperOrigin-RevId: 933620810
Change-Id: Ib477863b5ef763474d27fb4be5a4148be1d5d500
Compiler warnings are now accumulated in a vector of strings within the mjSpec object. New API functions `mjs_numWarnings` and `mjs_getWarning` are added to access these warnings. The compiler's log handler now chains warnings to the global log handler, ensuring they are still displayed immediately. Call sites in `mj_loadXML`, `mj_compile`, and the Python and WASM bindings have been updated to use the new warning API.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 933361650
Change-Id: I47cab98a460c57b0898c0a1a43fce2a5b9648eb1
The obj_decoder plugin is updated to parse line segments ('l') from OBJ files and represent them as degenerate triangles. The user_flexcomp compiler now supports flex dimensions of 1, using these parsed line segments to define the 1D flex elements. The compile sample's error reporting is also improved.
PiperOrigin-RevId: 928566870
Change-Id: I6920729d1b1d5aeb391401c3245ebb1d4784c190
Yuval Tassa